Proposta para incremento da produtividade e qualidade de uma exploração vitivinícola, tendo por base a otimização das práticas culturais
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2021-06-15
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O setor da viticultura está atualmente com um grande défice a nível da mão-deobra qualificada, sendo este um dos fatores que influencia e limita o normal desenvolvimento de todas as práticas culturais. Esta é a premissa subjacente ao presente projeto de mestrado, realizado na Casa Grande de Sant’ana situada em Manhuncelos e Paredes de Viadores, concelho de Marco de Canaveses. O presente projeto desenvolvido durante parte da campanha vitivinícola de 2019 e de 2020 teve como principal objetivo a proposta de reestruturação, correção e melhoria das práticas culturais realizadas na vinha. As intervenções efetuadas para a otimização da produtividade e da qualidade tiveram por base a poda de inverno para equilibrar o vigor das videiras e a reposição de falhas. Adicionalmente, não foram só corrigidos fatores com grande influência a nível da fertilização e dos tratamentos fitossanitários, como também o planeamento das diferentes intervenções em verde. Existem outras etapas onde seria fundamental intervir, não tendo sido possível a sua colocação em prática durante a campanha de 2019 e de 2020. Entre estas, o recurso à pré-poda e a aquisição de acessórios para o intercepas que minimizem danos nas videiras aquando do controlo das infestantes, são fatores que poderiam contribuir para um aumento da produtividade. Adicionalmente, a mobilização mínima do solo revelou-se uma importante prática a adotar. A colocação das melhorias descritas permitiu obter um novo estado da vinha, quer a nível de homogeneidade, quer a nível do controlo do vigor das castas e sanidade. O ano de 2020 revelou-se difícil e desafiante no que diz respeito à calendarização e quantidade dos tratamentos fitossanitários realizados. Além disso, os atrasos na poda de inverno foram outro dos obstáculos enfrentados neste ano, devido ao desequilíbrio em termos de expressão vegetativa e vigor apresentadas pelas videiras. Em conclusão, o conjunto das melhorias colocadas em funcionamento, resultaram na vindima de 2020 num aumento da produção de 11000 kg de uva em comparação com a vindima de 2019. Apesar disso, o resultado positivo da colheita de 2020 não excluiu a margem de progressão pretendida, em função das propostas de melhoria apresentadas neste projeto.
The viticulture sector currently has a large deficit in qualified field staff, which is one of the factors that influences and limits the normal development of all cultural practices. This is the premise underlying the present project, carried out at “Casa Grande de Sant’ana” located in “Manhuncelos” and “Paredes de Viadores”, municipality of “Marco de Canaveses”. The present project developed during part of the 2019 and 2020 vineyard campaign had as main objective the proposal to restructure, correct and improve the cultural practices carried out in the vineyard. The interventions made to optimize productivity and quality were based on winter pruning to balance the vigor of the vineyards and the replacement of flaws. In addition, not only were factors corrected with great influence in terms of fertilization and phytosanitary treatments, but also the planning of different interventions in the vegetative cycle. There are other stages where it would be essential to intervene, and it was not possible to put it into practice during the 2019 and 2020 campaign. Among these, the use of pre-pruning and the purchase of accessories for “intercepas” that minimize damage to vines when controlling weeds, are factors that could contribute to increased productivity. On the other hand, due to the non-use of herbicides, the purchase of non-destructive accessories for the existing machinery would lead to an effective control of weeds. Additionally, minimal soil mobilization has proved to be an important practice to adopt. The placement of the described improvements allowed to obtain a new state of the vineyard, both in terms of homogeneity, and in terms of the control of the vigor of the grape varieties and health. The year 2020 proved to be difficult and challenging with regarding to the timing and quantity of phytosanitary treatments performed. In addition, delays in winter pruning were another obstacle faced this year, due to the imbalance in terms of vegetative expression and vigor presented by the vineyards. In conclusion, the set of improvements put into operation, result the in the 2020 harvest an increase in production of 11000 kg of grape compared to the 2019 harvest. Despite this, the positive result of the 2020 harvest, did not exclude the desired margin of progression, due to the improvement proposals presented in this project.
The viticulture sector currently has a large deficit in qualified field staff, which is one of the factors that influences and limits the normal development of all cultural practices. This is the premise underlying the present project, carried out at “Casa Grande de Sant’ana” located in “Manhuncelos” and “Paredes de Viadores”, municipality of “Marco de Canaveses”. The present project developed during part of the 2019 and 2020 vineyard campaign had as main objective the proposal to restructure, correct and improve the cultural practices carried out in the vineyard. The interventions made to optimize productivity and quality were based on winter pruning to balance the vigor of the vineyards and the replacement of flaws. In addition, not only were factors corrected with great influence in terms of fertilization and phytosanitary treatments, but also the planning of different interventions in the vegetative cycle. There are other stages where it would be essential to intervene, and it was not possible to put it into practice during the 2019 and 2020 campaign. Among these, the use of pre-pruning and the purchase of accessories for “intercepas” that minimize damage to vines when controlling weeds, are factors that could contribute to increased productivity. On the other hand, due to the non-use of herbicides, the purchase of non-destructive accessories for the existing machinery would lead to an effective control of weeds. Additionally, minimal soil mobilization has proved to be an important practice to adopt. The placement of the described improvements allowed to obtain a new state of the vineyard, both in terms of homogeneity, and in terms of the control of the vigor of the grape varieties and health. The year 2020 proved to be difficult and challenging with regarding to the timing and quantity of phytosanitary treatments performed. In addition, delays in winter pruning were another obstacle faced this year, due to the imbalance in terms of vegetative expression and vigor presented by the vineyards. In conclusion, the set of improvements put into operation, result the in the 2020 harvest an increase in production of 11000 kg of grape compared to the 2019 harvest. Despite this, the positive result of the 2020 harvest, did not exclude the desired margin of progression, due to the improvement proposals presented in this project.
Descrição
Projeto de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica
Palavras-chave
Vitis vinífera , sistema de condução