Alterações na força, na antropometria, na função imunológica e em marcadores de dano muscular e hormonais de homens durante e após quatro programas de treino de força
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2021-01-19
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Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as alterações na força máxima (supino e prensa de pernas), em medidas antropométricas (massa gorda, circunferência abdominal e rácio cinturaquadril), na função imunológica (células brancas) e nas concentrações sanguíneas de creatina quinase, lactato desidrogenase, testosterona total e cortisol, após 12 semanas de treino de força com 4 métodos: Convencional, Bi-Set, Circuito e Isoton mais o grupo controle. A amostra consistiu em 75 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade entre 20 e 30 anos foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos experimentais e um grupo controle (com 15 sujeitos cada grupo). Antes, a cada 4 semanas e após as 12 semanas do programa de treino foram avaliadas as variáveis em estudo e comparadas as médias entre grupos e entre momentos, através de ANOVAs de medidas repetidas. Após 12 semanas de intervenção todas as metodologias (4 grupos experimentais) promoveram melhoria significativa na força máxima e na massa gorda quando comparadas com o grupo controle. Dos 4 grupos experimentais, o grupo que realizou a metodologia tradicional de treino foi aquele que apresentou pior resultado. Não foi possível observar melhoria significativa nas variáveis circunferência abdominal e relação-cintura quadril em nenhum dos 4 grupos experimentais. Verificou-se melhoria significativa da função imunológica em apenas dois dos grupos, os que seguiram os métodos Convencional e Bi-Set, sendo que método Bi-Set provocou alterações significativamente maiores. Todos os métodos de treino aumentaram expressivamente os níveis séricos de cortisol, comparativamente com o grupo controle. Verificou-se aumento significativo das concentrações de creatina quinase em 3 dos grupos de treino com exceção ao grupo Convencional. Todos os grupos apresentaram valores inferiores de lactato desidrogenase ao término da intervenção, onde o Grupo Bi-Set exibiu a maior diferença. Em relação a testosterona total, foram verificados valores superiores em todos os 5 grupos, incluindo o grupo controle, ao final das 12 semanas, entretanto as metodologias Circuito e Isoton apresentaram as maiores diferenças.
This study aimed to compare changes in maximum strength (bench press and leg press), anthropometric measurements (fat mass, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio), immune function (white cells) and blood creatine kinase concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase, total testosterone and cortisol, after 12 weeks of strength training with 4 methods: Conventional, BiSet, Circuit and Isoton plus the control group. The sample consisted of 75 male individuals aged between 20 and 30 years old who were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and a control group (with 15 subjects each group). Before, every 4 weeks and after the 12 weeks of the training program, the variables under study were evaluated and the means between groups and between moments were compared, using repeated measures ANOVAs. After 12 weeks of intervention, all methodologies (4 experimental groups) promoted a significant improvement in maximum strength and fat mass when compared to the control group. Of the 4 experimental groups, the group that performed the traditional training methodology was the one that presented the worst result. It was not possible to observe significant improvement in the variables waist circumference and hipwaist ratio in any of the 4 experimental groups. There was a significant improvement in immune function in only two of the groups, those who followed the Conventional and Bi-Set methods, and the Bi-Set method caused significantly greater changes. All training methods significantly increased serum cortisol levels, compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in creatine kinase concentrations in 3 of the training groups with the exception of the Conventional group. All groups showed lower values of lactate dehydrogenase at the end of the intervention, where the Bi-Set Group exhibited the greatest difference. Regarding total testosterone, higher values were found in all 5 groups, including the control group, at the end of 12 weeks, however the Circuito and Isoton methodologies showed the biggest differences.
This study aimed to compare changes in maximum strength (bench press and leg press), anthropometric measurements (fat mass, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio), immune function (white cells) and blood creatine kinase concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase, total testosterone and cortisol, after 12 weeks of strength training with 4 methods: Conventional, BiSet, Circuit and Isoton plus the control group. The sample consisted of 75 male individuals aged between 20 and 30 years old who were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and a control group (with 15 subjects each group). Before, every 4 weeks and after the 12 weeks of the training program, the variables under study were evaluated and the means between groups and between moments were compared, using repeated measures ANOVAs. After 12 weeks of intervention, all methodologies (4 experimental groups) promoted a significant improvement in maximum strength and fat mass when compared to the control group. Of the 4 experimental groups, the group that performed the traditional training methodology was the one that presented the worst result. It was not possible to observe significant improvement in the variables waist circumference and hipwaist ratio in any of the 4 experimental groups. There was a significant improvement in immune function in only two of the groups, those who followed the Conventional and Bi-Set methods, and the Bi-Set method caused significantly greater changes. All training methods significantly increased serum cortisol levels, compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in creatine kinase concentrations in 3 of the training groups with the exception of the Conventional group. All groups showed lower values of lactate dehydrogenase at the end of the intervention, where the Bi-Set Group exhibited the greatest difference. Regarding total testosterone, higher values were found in all 5 groups, including the control group, at the end of 12 weeks, however the Circuito and Isoton methodologies showed the biggest differences.
Descrição
Tese submetida ao Programa de PósGraduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências do Desporto da Universidade de Trás-osMontes e Alto Douro (UTAD), como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Treinamento de força , Função imunológica