Fatores que se relacionam com os níveis de ansiedade nas puérperas
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2022-05-17
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Introdução: O Estágio de Natureza Profissional, desenvolvido na sala de partos, visou a aquisição, desenvolvimento e consolidação de competências descritas durante o trabalho de parto e parto, para permitir a obtenção do título de Enfermeiro Especialista em Saúde Materna.
Na área da investigação pretende-se contribuir para a prática da enfermagem baseada na evidência, através do estudo “Fatores que se relacionam com os níveis de ansiedade nas puérperas”, dado que este fenómeno provoca consequências para a mulher, para a sua relação com o bebé e com o companheiro, interferindo na qualidade de vida da família.
Objetivos: Desenvolver competências na prestação de cuidados de enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica, à mulher em trabalho de parto e parto; e conhecer os fatores que se relacionam com os níveis de ansiedade das puérperas, durante o internamento no serviço de obstetrícia.
Metodologia: Foram prestados cuidados de enfermagem especializados, à mulher durante o trabalho de parto e parto, efetuando o parto em ambiente seguro, otimizando a saúde da parturiente e do recém-nascido, na sua adaptação à vida extrauterina.
A investigação desenvolvida foi de cariz quantitativo descritivo-correlacional. analítico e transversal, com a aplicação da escala de autoavaliação de ansiedade de Zung, da escala de perceção do design de suporte do ambiente hospitalar e da escala de autoperceção materna das competências cuidativas neonatais. Neste estudo participaram 85 puérperas que se encontravam internadas no serviço de obstetrícia, num hospital da região norte do país.
Resultados: Prestados cuidados especializados a 84 parturientes de baixo risco e 21 de risco. Realizados 37 partos eutócicos e auxiliados 1 parto eutócico gemelar e 7 partos distócicos por ventosa. Da investigação realizada, 51,8% das puérperas apresentaram ausência de ansiedade, 11,8% manifestou ansiedade não patológica e 36,5% apresentou ansiedade patológica. Dos fatores de ansiedade estudados, apenas se estabeleceu relação, de forma global, entre o nível de ansiedade puerperal e a perceção materna nos cuidados ao recém-nascido (p=0,00).
Conclusões: Os objetivos estabelecidos relativamente à prestação de cuidados especializados, foram atingidos, contribuindo para a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências necessárias para um desempenho autónomo. Em relação à problemática em estudo, considera-se que contribuiu para a melhor compreensão dos fatores de ansiedade das puérperas durante o internamento, nomeadamente a enorme importância que a autoperceção materna das competências no cuidar do recém-nascido, tem neste contexto.
Introduction: The internship of a professional nature, developed in the delivery room, aimed at the acquisition, development and consolidation of skills described during labor and delivery, in order to obtain the title of Specialist Nurse in Maternal Health. In the area of research, it is intended to contribute to the practice of evidence-based nursing, through the study of "Factors related to anxiety levels in postpartum women", as this phenomenon causes consequences for women, for their relationship with their baby and partner, interfering with family's quality of life. Objectives: Develop skills in the provision of maternal and obstetric health care to women in labor and delivery; and knowing the factors that are related to the anxiety levels of postpartum women during hospitalization in the obstetrics service. Methodology: Specialized nursing care was provided to the woman during labor and delivery, giving birth in a safe environment, optimizing the health of the mother and the newborn, in their adaptation to extrauterine life. The research developed was of an descriptive-correlational, analytical and cross-sectional quantitative nature, with the application of the Zung anxiety self-assessment scale, the hospital environment support design perception scale and the maternal self-perception of neonatal care skills scale. In this study participated 85 puerperal women who were hospitalized in the obstetrics service, in a hospital in the northern region of the country. Results: Specialized care provided to 84 low-risk and 21 high-risk parturients. Thirty-seven eutocic births were performed and 1 eutocic twin birth and 7 dystocic births using suction cups. From the investigation carried out, 51.8% of the puerperal women had no anxiety, 11.8% had non-pathological anxiety and 36.5% had pathological anxiety. Of the anxiety factors studied, only a global relationship was established between the level of puerperal anxiety and maternal perception of newborn care (p=0,00). Conclusions: The objectives established in relation to the provision of specialized care were achieved, contributing to the acquisition and development of skills necessary for an autonomous performance. Regarding the problem under study, it is considered that it contributed to a better understanding of the anxiety factors of postpartum women during hospitalization, namely the enormous importance that maternal self-perception of skills in caring for the newborn has in this context.
Introduction: The internship of a professional nature, developed in the delivery room, aimed at the acquisition, development and consolidation of skills described during labor and delivery, in order to obtain the title of Specialist Nurse in Maternal Health. In the area of research, it is intended to contribute to the practice of evidence-based nursing, through the study of "Factors related to anxiety levels in postpartum women", as this phenomenon causes consequences for women, for their relationship with their baby and partner, interfering with family's quality of life. Objectives: Develop skills in the provision of maternal and obstetric health care to women in labor and delivery; and knowing the factors that are related to the anxiety levels of postpartum women during hospitalization in the obstetrics service. Methodology: Specialized nursing care was provided to the woman during labor and delivery, giving birth in a safe environment, optimizing the health of the mother and the newborn, in their adaptation to extrauterine life. The research developed was of an descriptive-correlational, analytical and cross-sectional quantitative nature, with the application of the Zung anxiety self-assessment scale, the hospital environment support design perception scale and the maternal self-perception of neonatal care skills scale. In this study participated 85 puerperal women who were hospitalized in the obstetrics service, in a hospital in the northern region of the country. Results: Specialized care provided to 84 low-risk and 21 high-risk parturients. Thirty-seven eutocic births were performed and 1 eutocic twin birth and 7 dystocic births using suction cups. From the investigation carried out, 51.8% of the puerperal women had no anxiety, 11.8% had non-pathological anxiety and 36.5% had pathological anxiety. Of the anxiety factors studied, only a global relationship was established between the level of puerperal anxiety and maternal perception of newborn care (p=0,00). Conclusions: The objectives established in relation to the provision of specialized care were achieved, contributing to the acquisition and development of skills necessary for an autonomous performance. Regarding the problem under study, it is considered that it contributed to a better understanding of the anxiety factors of postpartum women during hospitalization, namely the enormous importance that maternal self-perception of skills in caring for the newborn has in this context.
Descrição
Trabalho expressamente elaborado como Relatório de Natureza Profissional para efeito de obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstetrícia, apresentado na Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real
Palavras-chave
Ansiedade , Período pós-parto