A animação sociocultural como fator de intervenção comunitária no domicílio
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2011
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O papel do idoso na sociedade tem vindo a alterar-se ao longo dos tempos. Assim, se nas civilizações antigas, o idoso assumia uma posição de destaque, sendo enaltecido e encarado pelos jovens como pessoa dotada de grande sabedoria, que frequentemente transmitia conhecimentos aos mais novos e tinha a última palavra nas tomadas de decisão, atualmente, são raras as situações em que o idoso é visto por este prisma, sendo em muitos casos vítima de negligência e até de maus-tratos, assumindo mesmo o papel social de elemento não produtivo.
Como período de grandes mudanças no domínio biológico, psicológico e social a terceira idade constitui um momento crucial na vida da pessoa o que exige dela um esforço de permanente adaptação às novas condições de vida, quer no plano pessoal, familiar e sócio profissional.
Uma das fases mais marcantes para o idoso é a entrada na reforma já que com ela começa o declínio progressivo das suas capacidades físicas vendo-se o idoso forçado a alterar os seus hábitos e rotinas diárias. Felizmente as mentalidades estão a mudar e a população chega à velhice cada vez mais preparada culturalmente, para a entender, aceitar e viver. Os programas de lazer e tempos livres, as universidades da terceira idade e os programas de voluntariado em prol da comunidade são sinais de que as mudanças vão acontecendo. Porém, em cada comunidade há muitos idosos que se limitam a viver no seu domicílio, onde muitas vezes, vivem sozinhos sem ninguém que lhes faça companhia. Foi este conhecimento que nos levou a levar por diante este trabalho de investigação, de que agora damos conta, como forma de com ele conseguirmos respostas para a questão que então se nos colocou: “Pode a animação sociocultural apresentar-se como contributo válido para a intervenção comunitária no domicílio?”.
A metodologia utilizada e instrumentos de recolha de dados como a observação directa, a entrevista e o questionário permitiram-nos fazer um diagnóstico das necessidades do público alvo do estudo e avaliar o projeto implementado que no seu conjunto e apesar de algumas limitações mostrou que a animação sociocultural pode desempenhar um papel importante junto desses idosos.
The role of the elderly in society has been changing throughout the times. So, if in ancient civilizations, the elderly used to assume a prominent position, being praised and seen by young people as someone endowed with great wisdom, who frequently transmitted knowledge to younger and had the final say in decision-making, currently only in rare situations are the elderly seen from this point of view, and often being the victims of neglect and mistreatment, assuming even the social role of non-productive element. As a period of great changes in the biological, psychological and social fields, the third age constitutes a crucial moment in the life of a person requiring an effort of permanent adaptation to new conditions of life, both at a personal, family and socio-professional level. One of the most striking phases for the elderly is retirement, since it marks the progressive decline of their physical abilities and they are forced to change their daily habits and routines. Fortunately the mentalities are changing and the population reaches old age culturally more prepared to understand, accept and live it. Recreation and leisure programs, universities of the third age and volunteer programs in support of the community are signs that the changes will happen. However, in every community there are many older people who are limited to live in their home, where many live often alone with no one to make them company. It was this knowledge that made us bring forth this research work, as a way to get answers from it to the question previously asked "Can sociocultural animation present itself as a valid contribution to in-home community intervention?" The methodology used and data collection instruments such as direct observation, interviews and questionnaires allowed us to make a diagnosis of the needs of the target audience of the study and evaluate the project implemented, which as a whole and despite some limitations, showed that sociocultural animation can play an important role among these elderly.
The role of the elderly in society has been changing throughout the times. So, if in ancient civilizations, the elderly used to assume a prominent position, being praised and seen by young people as someone endowed with great wisdom, who frequently transmitted knowledge to younger and had the final say in decision-making, currently only in rare situations are the elderly seen from this point of view, and often being the victims of neglect and mistreatment, assuming even the social role of non-productive element. As a period of great changes in the biological, psychological and social fields, the third age constitutes a crucial moment in the life of a person requiring an effort of permanent adaptation to new conditions of life, both at a personal, family and socio-professional level. One of the most striking phases for the elderly is retirement, since it marks the progressive decline of their physical abilities and they are forced to change their daily habits and routines. Fortunately the mentalities are changing and the population reaches old age culturally more prepared to understand, accept and live it. Recreation and leisure programs, universities of the third age and volunteer programs in support of the community are signs that the changes will happen. However, in every community there are many older people who are limited to live in their home, where many live often alone with no one to make them company. It was this knowledge that made us bring forth this research work, as a way to get answers from it to the question previously asked "Can sociocultural animation present itself as a valid contribution to in-home community intervention?" The methodology used and data collection instruments such as direct observation, interviews and questionnaires allowed us to make a diagnosis of the needs of the target audience of the study and evaluate the project implemented, which as a whole and despite some limitations, showed that sociocultural animation can play an important role among these elderly.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Especialização em Animação Sociocultural
Palavras-chave
Animação sociocultural , Idosos , Intervenção comunitária , Domicílio