Factores contextuais, práticas de gestão e desempenho da cadeia de abastecimento uma aplicação ao sector agro-alimentar português
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Data
2011
Autores
Rainho, Maria José de Matos
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Resumo
Esta investigação integra-se na temática contexto-práticas-desempenho da Cadeia de Abastecimento (CA) e pretende definir e validar um novo modelo teórico que explique a importância dos factores contextuais e das práticas de Gestão da Cadeia de Abastecimento (GCA) no desempenho da CA Agro-Alimentar Portuguesa.
O modelo teórico proposto analisa a importância da GCA, enquanto opção estratégica das empresas na procura de competitividade face ao ambiente actual de incerteza e concorrência acrescida. Em consequência, são operacionalizados seis constructos ou variáveis latentes: incerteza da CA, envolvimento da gestão de topo, utilização de sistemas/tecnologias de informação e comunicação, relacionamentos inter-organizacionais, práticas de GCA e desempenho da CA. O modelo operacionaliza a grande questão de investigação traduzida em cinco hipóteses, que no seu conjunto permitem o estudo do efeito dos factores contextuais na implementação de práticas de GCA e do efeito da implementação dessas práticas no desempenho da CA.
As variáveis latentes e o modelo são validados através de um inquérito construído para o efeito a uma amostra de empresas agro-alimentares portuguesas, obtida através do Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Numa primeira fase é analisada a fiabilidade e validade dos constructos propostos e, numa segunda fase, é estimado o modelo teórico proposto através da análise de equações estruturais pelo método de máxima verosimilhança e a análise da qualidade do ajustamento, através do software AMOS, confirmando-se o interesse do modelo e a verificação dos objectivos de investigação.
A análise estatística dos resultados permitem concluir que as empresas agro-alimentares portuguesas devem implementar práticas de GCA relacionadas com a gestão de relacionamentos com clientes e fornecedores, com o cumprimento de encomendas, com a gestão do fluxo de produção, com o desenvolvimento e comercialização de novos produtos e com a gestão de devoluções, garantindo, em consequência um melhor desempenho da CA ao nível da flexibilidade, do desempenho do fornecedor, da capacidade de resposta e da integração. Conclui-se, também, que os relacionamentos inter-organizacionais (confiança, compromisso e compatibilidade organizacional), o envolvimento da gestão de topo e a utilização de sistemas/tecnologias de informação e comunicação são factores facilitadores da implementação de práticas de GCA.
This research reported on in this thesis focuses on the firm’s supply chain (SC) from the context – practices – performance perspective. It aims to delineate and validate a theoretical model that may prove useful in demonstrating the importance of contextual factors and management practices in the performance of Portugal’s agro-food supply chain. The model assesses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) as a strategic option of companies seeking to enhance their competitiveness in line with the uncertainty and increased competition characterizing today’s economic and business environment. Six latent variables were proposed: SC uncertainty, senior management involvement, the use of information and communication systems and technologies, inter-organisational relationships, SCM practices and SC performance. The key research question was translated into five hypotheses that permit the entire effect of contextual factors on the implementation of SCM practices to be examined, as well as the impact of those practices on SC performance. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of Portuguese agro-food firms from the National Statistical Institute’s database, with a view to validating the significance of the latent variables and theoretical model chosen. In the first stage of modeling, the reliability and validity of the proposed constructs was analyzed. Then the model was tested using a structural equations approach, the maximum likelihood estimation method, with goodness-of-fit being assessed using AMOS software. The results confirmed the appropriateness of the model, and that the aims of the research had been accomplished. The statistical analysis undertaken permitted the conclusion to be drawn that by adopting and implementing SCM practices (such as customer and supplier relationship management, order fulfillment, production flow management, new product development and commercialization and returns management) Portuguese agro-food companies could ensure improved SC performance, in terms of flexibility, supplier performance, degree of responsiveness and integration. The results of this research also made it possible to conclude that the promotion of inter-organisational relationships (involving greater trust, commitment and organisational compatibility), support from senior management, and the use information and communication systems and technologies, all act as “enablers” or catalysts of successful SCM practices.
This research reported on in this thesis focuses on the firm’s supply chain (SC) from the context – practices – performance perspective. It aims to delineate and validate a theoretical model that may prove useful in demonstrating the importance of contextual factors and management practices in the performance of Portugal’s agro-food supply chain. The model assesses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) as a strategic option of companies seeking to enhance their competitiveness in line with the uncertainty and increased competition characterizing today’s economic and business environment. Six latent variables were proposed: SC uncertainty, senior management involvement, the use of information and communication systems and technologies, inter-organisational relationships, SCM practices and SC performance. The key research question was translated into five hypotheses that permit the entire effect of contextual factors on the implementation of SCM practices to be examined, as well as the impact of those practices on SC performance. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of Portuguese agro-food firms from the National Statistical Institute’s database, with a view to validating the significance of the latent variables and theoretical model chosen. In the first stage of modeling, the reliability and validity of the proposed constructs was analyzed. Then the model was tested using a structural equations approach, the maximum likelihood estimation method, with goodness-of-fit being assessed using AMOS software. The results confirmed the appropriateness of the model, and that the aims of the research had been accomplished. The statistical analysis undertaken permitted the conclusion to be drawn that by adopting and implementing SCM practices (such as customer and supplier relationship management, order fulfillment, production flow management, new product development and commercialization and returns management) Portuguese agro-food companies could ensure improved SC performance, in terms of flexibility, supplier performance, degree of responsiveness and integration. The results of this research also made it possible to conclude that the promotion of inter-organisational relationships (involving greater trust, commitment and organisational compatibility), support from senior management, and the use information and communication systems and technologies, all act as “enablers” or catalysts of successful SCM practices.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão
Palavras-chave
Logística , Gestão da cadeia de abastecimento