Avaliação dos efeitos de duas metodologias de formação esportiva em distintos níveis de maturação biológica sobre as qualidades físicas de praticantes de ginástica rítmica de 8 e 9 anos
Ficheiros
Data
2012
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de duas distintas metodologias de formação esportiva, a Tradicional e a Maturacional, sobre as qualidades físicas de meninas praticantes de ginástica rítmica na faixa etária de 8 a 9 anos em diferentes níveis de maturação biológica. Para tal, teve sua amostra de 120 crianças divididas, randomicamente (por sorteio), em seis grupos de 20 crianças, sendo 3 com a idade de 8 anos e 3 grupos com a idade de 9 anos: Grupo de treinamento tradicional (GT); Grupo de treinamento maturacional (GM) e Grupo controle (GC). Estes grupos foram subdivididos em precoce, normal e tardio pela avaliação da maturação biológica por Raio-X de mão e punho, com o aparelho modelo Villa Sistem Medical (Italian) 630 ma, utilizando o Protocolo de Greulich-Pyle. Para a avaliação da flexibilidade, da força explosiva e da coordenação foram utilizados os protocolos de LABIFIE (abdução da articulação do ombro e flexão da coluna lombar), o teste de Burpee e o teste de Impulsão Vertical Sargent Jump Test, respectivamente. Os grupos GT e GM realizaram aulas de Educação Física, durante o período de 16 semanas, com frequência de 02 (duas) vezes por semana e com a duração de 45 cada aula, sendo 10 minutos de aquecimento, 30 minutos de parte principal e 5 minutos de volta à calma. O grupo GT, realizou a metodologia de formação esportiva tradicional, que preconiza a aplicação de exercícios de acordo com os elementos técnicos básicos da Ginástica Rítmica, os quais abordam os pivôs, os equilíbrios, as flexibilidades, os saltos e as atividades rítmicas e expressivas, levando em consideração a idade cronológica. O grupo GM, realizou atividades esportivas com ênfase no treinamento da coordenação (psicomotricidade), da resistência muscular localizada e da flexibilidade, em que regras são adaptadas, as competições e os treinos devem ter caráter lúdico, sendo considerada a maturação biológica. O GC não recebeu qualquer tratamento especial, a fim de servir como referência padrão às variáveis a que se submeteram os grupos experimentais. Na análise de dados, além da estatística descritiva foram utilizados os testes de Shapiro Wilk (normalidade), Levene (homogeneidade) e ANOVA seguido do Post Hoc de Tukey (comparações intra e inter-grupos). O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Os resultados revelaram melhora significativa a favor dos grupos experimentais, em ambas faixas etárias, tendo o GM alcançado resultados mais satisfatórios. Além disso, observou-se, também, em relação à divisão pela maturação biológica, a superioridade dos resultados nos subgrupos precoce. O poder do experimento foi de 99% em todas as variáveis. Desta forma, infere-se que, por causa das mudanças em importantes parâmetros físicos, pela maturação, a seleção de crianças para a prática da Ginástica Rítmica não deve se fundamentar apenas na idade cronológica, mas, sobretudo, na maturação biológica. Esses dados são fundamentados na melhora significativa no GM, quando comparado seus valores no pós-teste e com os demais grupos, levando a recusar a hipótese nula (H0) levantada no vigente estudo.
Effects of two methods of sports training at different levels of biological maturation on the physical qualities of practicing rhythmic gymnastics of 08 and 09 years This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different sports training methodologies, the traditional and maturity on the physical qualities of practicing rhythmic gymnastics girls aged 8-9 years in different levels of biological maturity. To this end, had their sample of 120 children divided randomly (by lottery), in six groups of 20 children, three at the age of eight years and three groups at the age of nine years: traditional training group (TG); Group training maturity (GM) and control group (CG). These groups were subdivided into early and late normal for the assessment of biological maturation by X-ray of hand and wrist, with the device model Sistem Medical Villa (Italian) 630 m, using the Greulich-Pyle Protocol. For the assessment of flexibility, explosive strength and coordination protocols were used LABIFIE (abduction of the shoulder joint and flexion of the lumbar spine), the test and the test Burpee Impulse Sargent Vertical Jump Test, respectively. The groups GT and GM performed rhythmic gymnastics education classes during the period of 16 (sixteen) weeks, with a frequency of 02 (two) times a week and with a duration of 45 (forty five) minutes each lesson, 10 minutes heating, the main part of 30 minutes and 5 minutes cool-down. The TG performed the traditional sports training methodology, which recommends the implementation of exercises according to the National Curriculum, which address sports, games, fights, gymnastics and rhythmic and expressive activities, taking into account chronological age. The GM group, conducted sports activities with emphasis on training of coordination (psychomotor), the muscular endurance and flexibility, where the rules are adapted, competitions and drills should be playful, considering the biological maturation. GC did not receive any special treatment in order to serve as the standard reference to variables that have undergone the experimental groups. In data analysis, and descriptive statistics were used for testing the Shapiro Wilk (normality), Levene (homogeneity) and ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test (comparisons within and between groups). The significance level was p <0.05. The results revealed significant improvement in favor of the experimental groups in both age groups, with the GM achieved more satisfactory results. The experimental power was 99% in all variables. Moreover, it was observed also in relation to the division by sexual maturation, the superiority of the subgroups early results. Thus, it is inferred that, because of changes in important physical parameters, the maturation, selection of children for physical education should not be based only on chronological age, but especially on biological maturation. These data are based on the significant improvement in GM compared their values in the post-test and the other groups, leading to refuse hipóstese null (H0) raised in the current study.
Effects of two methods of sports training at different levels of biological maturation on the physical qualities of practicing rhythmic gymnastics of 08 and 09 years This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different sports training methodologies, the traditional and maturity on the physical qualities of practicing rhythmic gymnastics girls aged 8-9 years in different levels of biological maturity. To this end, had their sample of 120 children divided randomly (by lottery), in six groups of 20 children, three at the age of eight years and three groups at the age of nine years: traditional training group (TG); Group training maturity (GM) and control group (CG). These groups were subdivided into early and late normal for the assessment of biological maturation by X-ray of hand and wrist, with the device model Sistem Medical Villa (Italian) 630 m, using the Greulich-Pyle Protocol. For the assessment of flexibility, explosive strength and coordination protocols were used LABIFIE (abduction of the shoulder joint and flexion of the lumbar spine), the test and the test Burpee Impulse Sargent Vertical Jump Test, respectively. The groups GT and GM performed rhythmic gymnastics education classes during the period of 16 (sixteen) weeks, with a frequency of 02 (two) times a week and with a duration of 45 (forty five) minutes each lesson, 10 minutes heating, the main part of 30 minutes and 5 minutes cool-down. The TG performed the traditional sports training methodology, which recommends the implementation of exercises according to the National Curriculum, which address sports, games, fights, gymnastics and rhythmic and expressive activities, taking into account chronological age. The GM group, conducted sports activities with emphasis on training of coordination (psychomotor), the muscular endurance and flexibility, where the rules are adapted, competitions and drills should be playful, considering the biological maturation. GC did not receive any special treatment in order to serve as the standard reference to variables that have undergone the experimental groups. In data analysis, and descriptive statistics were used for testing the Shapiro Wilk (normality), Levene (homogeneity) and ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test (comparisons within and between groups). The significance level was p <0.05. The results revealed significant improvement in favor of the experimental groups in both age groups, with the GM achieved more satisfactory results. The experimental power was 99% in all variables. Moreover, it was observed also in relation to the division by sexual maturation, the superiority of the subgroups early results. Thus, it is inferred that, because of changes in important physical parameters, the maturation, selection of children for physical education should not be based only on chronological age, but especially on biological maturation. These data are based on the significant improvement in GM compared their values in the post-test and the other groups, leading to refuse hipóstese null (H0) raised in the current study.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Ginástica rítmica , Crianças , Flexibilidade , Coordenação