Ideação suicida e fatores associados: estudo realizado numa amostra da população universitária da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
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2011
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De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, o suicídio é uma das três principais causas de morte em adolescentes e jovens adultos. As populações universitárias, enquanto lidam com as mudanças desenvolvimentais e com as exigências académicas, estão, muitas vezes, particularmente expostas a fatores de risco para o comportamento suicidário. Este estudo pretende analisar um conjunto de indicadores de processos psicopatológicos nos estudantes da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, dando particular ênfase à ideação suicida. Para tal, reunimos uma amostra estratificada de quatro das cinco escolas desta universidade, composta por 366 alunos. Os dados foram recolhidos, durante o ano letivo 2010/2011, através de medidas de ideação suicida, de sintomatologia depressiva, de solidão, de ansiedade social e de vinculação. Os resultados obtidos indicam-nos que 12.6% da amostra já apresentou ideação suicida em algum momento na sua vida e 5.5% já pensou seriamente em suicidar-se. Para além disso, tal como se verifica noutras amostras universitárias, 10.7% dos alunos apresentaram ideação suicida ao longo do último ano e na semana anterior ao preenchimento do questionário. Cerca de metade dos sujeitos com ideação suicida estudam na Escola de Ciências Humanas e Sociais e os restantes distribuem-se de forma semelhante pelas outras três escolas. Tanto na totalidade da amostra como entre indivíduos do mesmo sexo, os alunos que apresentam ideação suicida revelam maiores níveis de sintomatologia depressiva, de solidão, de ansiedade social e de ansiedade nas relações afetivas; e menores níveis de conforto com a proximidade e de confiança nos outros. As mulheres apresentam maiores níveis de sintomatologia depressiva, de ansiedade nas relações afetivas e de ansiedade social do que os homens. Paralelamente, os sujeitos mais novos apresentam mais medos sociais e de abandono do que os mais velhos. Ao analisarmos o nível de satisfação com a universidade, com o curso, com os colegas e com os professores, verificamos que todas estas variáveis têm algum impacto sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes (constatando-se uma maior adaptação emocional à medida que os níveis de satisfação aumentam), mas apenas a satisfação com os colegas tem impacto sobre a ideação suicida. O rendimento do agregado familiar influencia os níveis de solidão, de sintomatologia depressiva, de ansiedade nas relações afetivas e de conforto com a intimidade e a mesada/salário influencia os níveis de ideação suicida, de sintomatologia depressiva e de solidão. A ideação suicida apresenta uma relação positiva e significativa com a ansiedade nas relações afetivas, a sintomatologia depressiva, a solidão e a ansiedade social e uma relação negativa e significativa com o conforto com a proximidade e com a confiança nos outros. A solidão e a sintomatologia depressiva apresentam capacidade preditiva sobre a ideação suicida, com um odds ratio de 1.095 e 1.108, respetivamente. Concomitantemente, a sintomatologia depressiva, a solidão, a ansiedade social, a ansiedade nas relações afetivas, o conforto com a intimidade e a confiança nos outros, explicam 44.52% da variância da ideação suicida. Os dados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de desenvolver programas de intervenção para alunos em risco e de prevenir o comportamento suicidário na comunidade académica. Estudos futuros deveriam incluir a totalidade das escolas que compõem a universidade em causa.
According to The World Organization of Health, suicide is one of the three main causes of death in adolescents and young adults. The university populations, while leading with their developmental changes and their academic schedules, are, often, particularly exposed to risk factors for suicidal behavior. This study aims to analyze a group of indicators of psychopathological processes in students from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, approaching the suicidal ideation in particular. Overall, we gathered a stratified sample of four of the five schools of this university, composed of 366 students. The data were collected, during the school year 2010/2011, with measures of suicidal ideation, depressive symptomathology, loneliness, social anxiety and attachment. The results obtained indicated that 12.6% of the participants showed suicidal thoughts at some point in their lives and 5.5% thought seriously of committing suicide. Other than that, corresponding with the results of other universities, 10.7% of the students showed suicidal thoughts throughout the last year of school and one week before filling out the questionnaire. About half the people with suicidal thoughts study in the School of Human and Social Sciences and the others are spread out similarly through the other three schools. In both, the overall group, as with the individuals of the same sex, the students who presented suicidal thoughts show higher levels of depressive symptomathology, loneliness, social anxiety and anxiety in affective relationships; and lower levels of comfort with the proximity of others and of trust in others. Women present higher levels of depression, anxiety in affective relationships and social anxiety in comparison to men. On the other hand, the younger people show higher social fears and fear of abandonment than the older. In analyzing the level of satisfaction with the university, with the course, with the professors and colleagues, we can verify that all of the variables have some impact on the mental health of the students (indicating a greater emotional adjustment as their levels of satisfaction increase), but only the satisfaction with colleagues has had impact on suicidal thoughts. The household income demonstrates impact on the student’s levels of loneliness, depression, anxiety in affective relationships and comfort with intimacy, and the salary/allowance influences suicidal thoughts, loneliness and depression. Suicidal thoughts present a positive relationship with anxiety in affective relationships, depression, loneliness and social anxiety, and a negative relationship with the comfort with intimacy and with the trust in others. Loneliness and depression are significant predictors of suicidal thoughts, with an odds ratio of 1.095 and 1.108, respectively. Concomitantly, depression, loneliness, anxiety in affective relationships, comfort with intimacy, trust in others and social anxiety explain 44.52% of the variance of suicidal thoughts. The results obtained impose the necessity of creating intervention programs for students at risk and to prevent suicidal behavior in the academic community. Future studies should include all schools that compose this university.
According to The World Organization of Health, suicide is one of the three main causes of death in adolescents and young adults. The university populations, while leading with their developmental changes and their academic schedules, are, often, particularly exposed to risk factors for suicidal behavior. This study aims to analyze a group of indicators of psychopathological processes in students from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, approaching the suicidal ideation in particular. Overall, we gathered a stratified sample of four of the five schools of this university, composed of 366 students. The data were collected, during the school year 2010/2011, with measures of suicidal ideation, depressive symptomathology, loneliness, social anxiety and attachment. The results obtained indicated that 12.6% of the participants showed suicidal thoughts at some point in their lives and 5.5% thought seriously of committing suicide. Other than that, corresponding with the results of other universities, 10.7% of the students showed suicidal thoughts throughout the last year of school and one week before filling out the questionnaire. About half the people with suicidal thoughts study in the School of Human and Social Sciences and the others are spread out similarly through the other three schools. In both, the overall group, as with the individuals of the same sex, the students who presented suicidal thoughts show higher levels of depressive symptomathology, loneliness, social anxiety and anxiety in affective relationships; and lower levels of comfort with the proximity of others and of trust in others. Women present higher levels of depression, anxiety in affective relationships and social anxiety in comparison to men. On the other hand, the younger people show higher social fears and fear of abandonment than the older. In analyzing the level of satisfaction with the university, with the course, with the professors and colleagues, we can verify that all of the variables have some impact on the mental health of the students (indicating a greater emotional adjustment as their levels of satisfaction increase), but only the satisfaction with colleagues has had impact on suicidal thoughts. The household income demonstrates impact on the student’s levels of loneliness, depression, anxiety in affective relationships and comfort with intimacy, and the salary/allowance influences suicidal thoughts, loneliness and depression. Suicidal thoughts present a positive relationship with anxiety in affective relationships, depression, loneliness and social anxiety, and a negative relationship with the comfort with intimacy and with the trust in others. Loneliness and depression are significant predictors of suicidal thoughts, with an odds ratio of 1.095 and 1.108, respectively. Concomitantly, depression, loneliness, anxiety in affective relationships, comfort with intimacy, trust in others and social anxiety explain 44.52% of the variance of suicidal thoughts. The results obtained impose the necessity of creating intervention programs for students at risk and to prevent suicidal behavior in the academic community. Future studies should include all schools that compose this university.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Mestrado em Psicologia – Especialização em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Ideação suicida , Fatores associados , Estudantes universitários