Estudo da Eficiência Energética na Iluminação Pública com incorporação de Energias Renováveis
Data
2009
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As alterações climáticas têm sido cada vez mais perceptíveis em todo o planeta. A poluição é apontada como um dos principais factores que contribuem para esse facto. Para se combater estas alterações, foi aprovado por grande parte da comunidade internacional, o protocolo de Quioto, que tem como objectivo minimizar as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa. A assinatura deste protocolo juntamente com os poucos recursos energéticos que Portugal possui a nível de combustíveis fósseis (tais como o petróleo, gás e carvão) leva a um investimento cada vez mais acentuado nas energias renováveis. Com vista à redução do consumo de energia Portugal aprovou o Plano Nacional de Acção para a Eficiência Energética (PNAEE), que ilustra como se deve actuar para aumentar a eficiência energética e apostar na produção da energia a partir de fontes renováveis, tendo como meta os 31% de energia renovável no total de energia produzida em Portugal até ao ano 2020.[13]
Neste trabalho vai-se analisar o que pode ser feito para diminuir o consumo de energia na Iluminação Pública (IP) e estudar alternativas para a produção de energia que poderá alimentar as redes de IP, em sistemas ligados à rede ou isolados. Os casos de estudo levados a cabo, utilizam fontes de energia renovável tais como a energia eólica e a energia solar. No desenvolvimento deste trabalho também será abordada a tecnologia LED. Sendo esta uma tecnologia ainda muito recente, mas que possuiu grandes vantagens em relação às lâmpadas de vapor de sódio de alta pressão utilizadas actualmente na IP.
Para avaliar as vantagens da introdução das energias renováveis e da tecnologia LED na rede IP, são considerados cenários de estudo que se revelam fundamentais à compreensão das diferentes tecnologias envolvidas no processo. Para efeitos de simulação foi utilizado o programa Homer® (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables).
Climate change has been increasingly visible across the globe. Pollution is pointing to one of the main factors contributing to this fact. To combat these changes, it was approved by a large part of the international community, the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. With the signing of this Protocol along with the few energy resources that Portugal has at fuel fossils (such as oil, gas and coal) leads to an strong increasingly investment in renewables. To reducing the energy consumption Portugal as approved the National Plan of Action for Energy Efficiency, which illustrates how to should act to increase energy efficiency and invest in energy production from renewable sources with a target the 31 % renewable energy in total energy produced in Portugal until 2020.[13] In this study it will be analyze what can be done to reduce energy consumption in public lighting(PL) and study alternatives for the production of electricity, which will be linked directly to the Public Lighting network to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and also reduce the world pollution level. To elaborate this thesis, it as used of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. In preparation of this case study will be also use the LED(Ligth Emitting Diode) technology, this technology is still very new, but that has major advantages over high pressure sodium vapor lamps currently used in PL. To evaluate the advantages with the introduction of renewable energy and LED technology in the PL network, are considered some scenarios for study, which are fundamental to the understanding of different technologies involved in the process. For the simulation it was used the Homer R® program (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables).
Climate change has been increasingly visible across the globe. Pollution is pointing to one of the main factors contributing to this fact. To combat these changes, it was approved by a large part of the international community, the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. With the signing of this Protocol along with the few energy resources that Portugal has at fuel fossils (such as oil, gas and coal) leads to an strong increasingly investment in renewables. To reducing the energy consumption Portugal as approved the National Plan of Action for Energy Efficiency, which illustrates how to should act to increase energy efficiency and invest in energy production from renewable sources with a target the 31 % renewable energy in total energy produced in Portugal until 2020.[13] In this study it will be analyze what can be done to reduce energy consumption in public lighting(PL) and study alternatives for the production of electricity, which will be linked directly to the Public Lighting network to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and also reduce the world pollution level. To elaborate this thesis, it as used of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. In preparation of this case study will be also use the LED(Ligth Emitting Diode) technology, this technology is still very new, but that has major advantages over high pressure sodium vapor lamps currently used in PL. To evaluate the advantages with the introduction of renewable energy and LED technology in the PL network, are considered some scenarios for study, which are fundamental to the understanding of different technologies involved in the process. For the simulation it was used the Homer R® program (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables).
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores
Palavras-chave
Produção descentralizada , Microgeração , Sistemas fotovoltaicos , Sistemas eólicos