Qualidade do ar interior num estabelecimento de Ensino Superior: caso de estudo: Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
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2013-11-05
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A qualidade do ar interior (QAI) é uma temática que cada vez mais desperta a atenção da comunidade científica. A população passa grande parte do seu tempo em ambientes fechados, desta forma, o estudo da QAI torna-se cada vez mais importante para o bem-estar e saúde humana. O principal objectivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a metodologia adequada para medições de QAI na Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, visto ser um ambiente público e colectivo com uma grande complexidade. Pretendeu-se determinar a representatividade temporal da monitorização da qualidade do ar interior, bem como, optimizar o momento e a duração das medições nas salas de aulas, em função do tipo de ocupação, área, e localização dos espaços em estudo para diversos poluentes com valor limite no Regulamento dos Sistemas Energéticos de Climatização em Edifícios (RSECE). Nesta investigação foram realizadas medições contínuas de CO2, COVT, PM10 no ar interior, bem como dos parâmetros físicos como temperatura e humidade do ar que são objecto de verificação de conformidade no âmbito das auditorias periódicas previstas no RSECE. Estas medições realizaram-se durante uma semana, em cada uma das salas de aula seleccionadas, num total de cinco salas, no edifício do Geociências da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD). O trabalho experimental decorreu durante o período de 15 de Novembro de 2010 a 29 de Maio de 2011. Verificou-se uma variação da concentração dos poluentes ao longo da noite semelhante em todas as salas. Dos resultados obtidos nas cinco salas de aula concluiu-se que a média da temperatura e da humidade no ar interior não diferem muito dos valores de conformidade. Também se observou que o período mais provável de máximos de ocupação, e naturalmente, de máximo da concentração de CO2 e de COVT é a meio ou final da manhã. Relativamente ao momento de medições, verificou-se que o mais adequado é passado cerca de 30-45 min do início da primeira aula. Relativamente à duração destas medições em salas de aula sem ventilação concluiu-se que cinco minutos são suficientes, desde que sejam realizadas as medições cerca de 45 min após o início de actividade. No que diz respeito aos resultados da análise Bivariada (Correlação de Spearman) concluiu-se que existe uma forte relação entre as concentrações dos poluentes CO2 e COVT e os parâmetros meteorológicos da sala. Também se observou uma correlação positiva entre a concentração de CO2 e a ocupação, entre a concentração de PM10 e de COVT, e entre os vários poluentes e as condições meteorológicas na sala. Ainda se verificou uma correlação negativa entre a humidade relativa e o número de janelas abertas. Relativamente ao radão, o momento óptimo para as medições de QAI seria durante período diurno. Por fim, no que diz respeito à colheita microbiológica, os resultados
mostram grandes diferenças no número de colónias viáveis de microrganismos (fungos e bactérias) de sala para sala.
The indoor air quality (IAQ) is an issue that increasingly commands the attention of the scientific community. The population spends much of his time indoors, thus the study of IAQ is becoming increasingly important for the welfare and human health. The main objective of this work was to study the methodology suitable for IAQ measurements at the University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, as it is a public and collective environment with a great complexity. It was intended to determine the representativeness of the temporal monitoring of indoor air quality, as well as optimize the timing and duration measurements in the classrooms, according to the type of occupation, area and location of spaces under consideration for each pollutant in value limit on the Regulation of Energy Systems in Buildings HVAC (RSECE). This research was carried out continuous measurements of CO2, COVT, PM10 in indoor air, as well as physical parameters such as temperature and humidity, which are subject to verification of compliance in the context of periodic audits referred to in RSECE. These measurements were carried out during a week in each classroom selected a total of five rooms in the building of Geosciences at the University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD). The experimental work took place during the period 15 November 2010 to May 29, 2011. There was a variation of the concentration of pollutants throughout the night similar in all rooms. The results obtained in five classrooms was concluded that the average temperature and humidity in indoor air do not differ much from the values accordingly. Was also observed that the most likely period of maximum occupancy, and of course, the maximum concentration of CO2 and COVT is the middle or late morning. For the moment of measurement, it was found that the most appropriate is about 30-45 minutes past the start of the first class. For the duration of these measurements in unventilated classrooms concluded that five minutes is sufficient, since the measurements are performed about 45 min after the onset of activity. As regards the results of the bivariate analysis (Spearman correlation) concluded that there is a strong relationship between the concentrations of CO2 and pollutants and meteorological parameters COVT the room. We also observed a positive correlation between the concentration of CO2 and occupation, between the concentration of PM10 and COVT, and between the various pollutants and meteorological conditions in the room. Although there was a negative correlation between relative humidity and the number of open windows. For radon, the optimum time for IAQ measurements would be during daytime. Finally, with regard to microbiological sampling, the results show large differences in the number of viable colonies of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) from room to room.
The indoor air quality (IAQ) is an issue that increasingly commands the attention of the scientific community. The population spends much of his time indoors, thus the study of IAQ is becoming increasingly important for the welfare and human health. The main objective of this work was to study the methodology suitable for IAQ measurements at the University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, as it is a public and collective environment with a great complexity. It was intended to determine the representativeness of the temporal monitoring of indoor air quality, as well as optimize the timing and duration measurements in the classrooms, according to the type of occupation, area and location of spaces under consideration for each pollutant in value limit on the Regulation of Energy Systems in Buildings HVAC (RSECE). This research was carried out continuous measurements of CO2, COVT, PM10 in indoor air, as well as physical parameters such as temperature and humidity, which are subject to verification of compliance in the context of periodic audits referred to in RSECE. These measurements were carried out during a week in each classroom selected a total of five rooms in the building of Geosciences at the University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD). The experimental work took place during the period 15 November 2010 to May 29, 2011. There was a variation of the concentration of pollutants throughout the night similar in all rooms. The results obtained in five classrooms was concluded that the average temperature and humidity in indoor air do not differ much from the values accordingly. Was also observed that the most likely period of maximum occupancy, and of course, the maximum concentration of CO2 and COVT is the middle or late morning. For the moment of measurement, it was found that the most appropriate is about 30-45 minutes past the start of the first class. For the duration of these measurements in unventilated classrooms concluded that five minutes is sufficient, since the measurements are performed about 45 min after the onset of activity. As regards the results of the bivariate analysis (Spearman correlation) concluded that there is a strong relationship between the concentrations of CO2 and pollutants and meteorological parameters COVT the room. We also observed a positive correlation between the concentration of CO2 and occupation, between the concentration of PM10 and COVT, and between the various pollutants and meteorological conditions in the room. Although there was a negative correlation between relative humidity and the number of open windows. For radon, the optimum time for IAQ measurements would be during daytime. Finally, with regard to microbiological sampling, the results show large differences in the number of viable colonies of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) from room to room.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente.
Palavras-chave
Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro , Edifícios , Qualidade do ar interior , Poluição do ar , Climatização , Monitorização