Ocorrência de patologia infeciosa em cuniculturas na Região Norte e Centro de Portugal: estudo retrospetivo
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2012
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O surgimento de novas patologias e o ressurgimento de outras mais antigas encontra-se
fortemente associado à industrialização do setor cunícula sendo as doenças de natureza infeciosa
as patologias mais importantes em cunicultura.
Este trabalho teve como objetivos caraterizar a ocorrência de patologia infeciosa, entre janeiro
de 2007 e abril de 2011, em explorações cunículas do norte e centro de Portugal; estudar a
relação entre a ocorrência de patologia infeciosa e as características das explorações; determinar
a frequência de isolamento de cada um dos agentes, identificar a frequência de isolamento dos
agentes por órgão e efetuar um estudo retrospetivo sobre o perfil fenotípico de sensibilidade aos
antibióticos.
Recolheu-se informação de 62 explorações embora, em apenas 41 foram estudadas a relação
entre a ocorrência de patologia infeciosa e as características das explorações. Paralelamente
procedeu-se, a um estudo retrospetivo em 262 animais submetidos a análises microbiológicas,
pertencentes às 62 explorações, os resultados permitiu determinar a frequência de isolamentos e
identificação dos agentes por órgão amostrado, assim como efetuar um estudo sobre processos
de resistência bacteriana.
Nas explorações ocorreram S. aureus, Pasteurella multocida e B. bronchiseptica. A
ocorrência de Escherichia coli nas explorações foi relativamente elevada.
No grupo das 41 explorações a frequência de estafilococose foi de 17,1%. A mama e o
pulmão obtiveram a maior frequência de isolamento. Quanto a pasteurelose, 22% das
explorações foram positivas. O pulmão foi o órgão com maior percentagem de isolamento para
ambos os agentes. A frequência de colibacilose foi de 17,1%.
Efetuou-se ainda um estudo retrospetivo de sensibilidade e resistência a antibióticos usados
nos isolados clínicos. Sthaphyloccocus aureus foi altamente resistente às cefalosporinas e, a pelo
menos 8 dos 25 antibióticos testados. Escherichia coli apresentou elevada resistência aos
aminoglicosídeos e tetraciclina e a percentagem mais elevada de multirresistência foi observada
a 10 antibióticos.
As doenças infeciosas em cunicultura são uma realidade e futuro do setor passará por
controlar os fatores de risco da patologia infeciosa.
The appearance of the new pathologies and the resurrection of older ones are strongly conjoint to the industrialization of the rabbit-breeding sector being the diseases with infectious nature the most important to rabbit-breeding. This study aimed to characterize the occurrence of infectious disease between January 2007 and April 2011, on rabbit farms, in northern and central Portugal, to study the relationship between the occurrence of infectious disease and the characteristics of farms; to determine the isolation frequency in each of the agents; to identify the frequency of isolation of the agents for organ, and to perform a retrospective study on a phenotypical antibiotic susceptibility. It was collected information from 62 farms, although only 41 were studied about the relationship between the occurrence of infectious disease and the characteristics of farms. Proceeded in parallel, a retrospective study of 262 animals submitted to microbiological analyzes, belonging to 62 farms, and the results allowed to determine the frequency of isolation and identification of agents for organ sampled, as well as making a study of cases of bacterial resistance. Holdings occurred in S. aureus, Pasteurella multocida and B. bronchiseptica. The occurrence of Escherichia coli farms was relatively high. In the 41 explorations group the frequency of staphylococosis was about 17.1%, the breast and the lung obtained the highest frequency of isolation. About pasteurellosis, 22% of the explorations were positive; the lung was the organ with the highest percentage of isolation for both agents. The frequency of colibacillosis was 17%. There was still a retrospective study of sensibility and resistance to antibiotics used in the clinical isolated. Sthaphyloccocus aureus was highly resistant to cephalosporin and at least to 8 of the 25 tested antibiotics. Escherichia coli present a high resistance to aminoglycosides and to tetracycline. The higher percentage of multi-resistance was observed to 10 antibiotics. The infectious diseases of rabbits are a reality and the future of the industry will be about controlling risk factors of the infectious disease.
The appearance of the new pathologies and the resurrection of older ones are strongly conjoint to the industrialization of the rabbit-breeding sector being the diseases with infectious nature the most important to rabbit-breeding. This study aimed to characterize the occurrence of infectious disease between January 2007 and April 2011, on rabbit farms, in northern and central Portugal, to study the relationship between the occurrence of infectious disease and the characteristics of farms; to determine the isolation frequency in each of the agents; to identify the frequency of isolation of the agents for organ, and to perform a retrospective study on a phenotypical antibiotic susceptibility. It was collected information from 62 farms, although only 41 were studied about the relationship between the occurrence of infectious disease and the characteristics of farms. Proceeded in parallel, a retrospective study of 262 animals submitted to microbiological analyzes, belonging to 62 farms, and the results allowed to determine the frequency of isolation and identification of agents for organ sampled, as well as making a study of cases of bacterial resistance. Holdings occurred in S. aureus, Pasteurella multocida and B. bronchiseptica. The occurrence of Escherichia coli farms was relatively high. In the 41 explorations group the frequency of staphylococosis was about 17.1%, the breast and the lung obtained the highest frequency of isolation. About pasteurellosis, 22% of the explorations were positive; the lung was the organ with the highest percentage of isolation for both agents. The frequency of colibacillosis was 17%. There was still a retrospective study of sensibility and resistance to antibiotics used in the clinical isolated. Sthaphyloccocus aureus was highly resistant to cephalosporin and at least to 8 of the 25 tested antibiotics. Escherichia coli present a high resistance to aminoglycosides and to tetracycline. The higher percentage of multi-resistance was observed to 10 antibiotics. The infectious diseases of rabbits are a reality and the future of the industry will be about controlling risk factors of the infectious disease.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Cunicultura , Doença infeciosa , Região Centro (Portugal) , Região Norte (Portugal)