Crescimento somático, actividade física e aptidão física: avaliação e caraterização da população escolar do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da Ilha de Santa Maria
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2014-05-27
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O estudo tem como principal objectivo caracterizar o crescimento, a actividade física habitual e a aptidão física das crianças da Ilha de Santa Maria – Açores, que frequentam o 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, com idades compreendidas entre os 6 e 10 anos.
A amostra compreende um total de 195 crianças (94 do género masculino e 101 do género feminino) que representam, aproximadamente, 77% da população escolar do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da Ilha de Santa Maria – Açores.
Para a avaliação do crescimento e características somáticas, recolhemos informação relativa à estatura, massa corporal, pregas adiposas subcutâneas tricipital e geminal, obedecendo às normas publicadas por Lohman; Roche & Martorell (1988). A percentagem de massa gorda foi calculada com recurso à fórmula de Slaughter et al., (1988), a partir das medidas das pregas adiposas subcutâneas tricipital e geminal.
A avaliação da Actividade Física Habitual, foi realizada com base no Questionário de Godin & Shephard (1985).
A avaliação da aptidão física associada à performance (normativa) efectuou-se de acordo com a bateria de testes FACDEX (1991) (dinamometria; salto horizontal sem corrida preparatória, lançamento da bola de ténis e corrida de 20 m), a bateria de testes KTK (1974) (saltos monopodais (SM), saltos laterais (SL), e transposição lateral (TL)), a bateria de testes Fitnessgram (PACER, trunk lift, sit- and- reach e curl up’s) e com o teste de coordenação desenvolvido por Martins de Carvalho (2007) (Ria). Para a avaliação da aptidão física associada à saúde (criterial), comparámos os valores recolhidos com os valores de corte da bateria de testes Fitnessgram (2002) ( % MG, PACER , trunk lift, sit- and- reach e curl up’s) .
A análise estatística compreendeu a identificação dos parâmetros de média, desvio padrão, mínimos, máximos e percentis em função da idade e género.
Os resultados do estudo permitiram-nos concluir que : (1) Os meninos obtiveram em todas as idades valores médios mais elevados que as meninas na estatura e massa corporal (excepto aos 10 anos) e as meninas obtiveram em todas as idades valores médios mais elevados que os meninos nas pregas adiposas subcutâneas tricipital e geminal; (2) Relativamente à Actividade Física Habitual, os meninos obtiveram valores médios mais elevados que as meninas em todas as idades. Os valores médios da Actividade Física Semanal nos tempos livres variam entre 89 e 94 MET’s para os meninos, e entre 76 e 80 MET’s nas meninas; (3) Relativamente à aptidão física registaram-se para todas as idades valores mais elevados nos rapazes nas provas pacer, curl up`s, dinamometria, lançamento da bola de ténis, salto horizontal sem corrida preparatória, saltos monopodais, transposição lateral, ria e corrida de 20 metros, já as meninas superaram os rapazes em todas as idades nas provas de sit and reach, trunk lift e saltos laterais.
The study's main objective is to characterize human growth, usual physical activity and physical fitness of children on the island of Santa Maria - Azores, attending the Primary School, between 6 and 10 years of age. The sample comprises a total of 195 children (94 males and 101 females) who represent approximately 78% of the school population on the Primary Basic Education on the Island of Santa Maria - Azores. For the assessment of growth and somatic characteristics, we gathered information on height, body mass, subcutaneous triceps and geminal skinfold, according to the standards published by Lohman ;Roche & Martorell (1988) . The percentage of fat mass was calculated using the Slaughter et al., (1988) formula, from measurements on triceps and geminal skinfolds. Assessment of Habitual Physical Activity was based on the Godin & Shephard (1985) Questionnaire. The evaluation of related physical fitness performance (normative) was carried out according to the FACDEX (1991) battery of tests (grip strength, standing long jump without run-up, launch the tennis ball; and running 20 m), KTK (1974) battery of tests (monopodal jumps, lateral jumps , and lateral transposition ), Fitnessgram (2002) battery of tests (PACER, trunk lift, sit-and-reach and curl ups) and also the coordination test developed by Martins de Carvalho (2007) (Ria ) For the evaluation of health related physical fitness (criterial) the cut-off values of the Fitnessgram (2002) were compared with the battery of tests (% MG, PACER, trunk lift, sit-and-reach and curl ups). Statistical analysis was performed to identify the values of Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum, Maximum and Percentiles by age and gender. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that: (1) The boys of all ages obtained higher mean values than girls, in somatic indicators, height and body mass (except for the age of 10 years) and girls of all ages obtained higher average values than boys in subcutaneous triceps and geminal skinfolds, (2) Regarding "usual physical activity" boys had higher mean values than girls in all the age groups. The average values of Physical Activity Week in leisure range between 89 MET’s and 94 MET’s for boys, and between 76 Met’s and 80 Met’s in girls; (3) For the physical fitness for all ages the recorded values were higher in boys in events such as pacer, curl up `s, grip strength, tennis ball throw, long jump without a run-up, monopodal jumps, lateral transposition, Ria and 20 m run; the girls of all age groups outperformed the boys in sit and reach, trunk lift and lateral jumps.
The study's main objective is to characterize human growth, usual physical activity and physical fitness of children on the island of Santa Maria - Azores, attending the Primary School, between 6 and 10 years of age. The sample comprises a total of 195 children (94 males and 101 females) who represent approximately 78% of the school population on the Primary Basic Education on the Island of Santa Maria - Azores. For the assessment of growth and somatic characteristics, we gathered information on height, body mass, subcutaneous triceps and geminal skinfold, according to the standards published by Lohman ;Roche & Martorell (1988) . The percentage of fat mass was calculated using the Slaughter et al., (1988) formula, from measurements on triceps and geminal skinfolds. Assessment of Habitual Physical Activity was based on the Godin & Shephard (1985) Questionnaire. The evaluation of related physical fitness performance (normative) was carried out according to the FACDEX (1991) battery of tests (grip strength, standing long jump without run-up, launch the tennis ball; and running 20 m), KTK (1974) battery of tests (monopodal jumps, lateral jumps , and lateral transposition ), Fitnessgram (2002) battery of tests (PACER, trunk lift, sit-and-reach and curl ups) and also the coordination test developed by Martins de Carvalho (2007) (Ria ) For the evaluation of health related physical fitness (criterial) the cut-off values of the Fitnessgram (2002) were compared with the battery of tests (% MG, PACER, trunk lift, sit-and-reach and curl ups). Statistical analysis was performed to identify the values of Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum, Maximum and Percentiles by age and gender. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that: (1) The boys of all ages obtained higher mean values than girls, in somatic indicators, height and body mass (except for the age of 10 years) and girls of all ages obtained higher average values than boys in subcutaneous triceps and geminal skinfolds, (2) Regarding "usual physical activity" boys had higher mean values than girls in all the age groups. The average values of Physical Activity Week in leisure range between 89 MET’s and 94 MET’s for boys, and between 76 Met’s and 80 Met’s in girls; (3) For the physical fitness for all ages the recorded values were higher in boys in events such as pacer, curl up `s, grip strength, tennis ball throw, long jump without a run-up, monopodal jumps, lateral transposition, Ria and 20 m run; the girls of all age groups outperformed the boys in sit and reach, trunk lift and lateral jumps.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Atividade física , Crianças , Crescimento somático , Aptidão física