Hemoparasitoses em animais de companhia: erliquiose, babesiose e micoplasmose: estudo de casos clínicos
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2014-05-29
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As hemoparasitoses constituem um grupo de doenças cujos agentes etiológicos apresentam tropismo para as células sanguíneas. A infeção ocorre, na maioria das vezes, por inoculação dos agentes patogénicos através de vetores artrópodes, como pulgas e carraças. O parasitismo externo é assim um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças como a erliquiose, babesiose e micoplasmose, capazes de provocar, no organismo hospedeiro, desde quadros subclínicos, sem manifestações associadas, a um envolvimento orgânico que coloca em risco a vida do animal. O período de estágio, que decorreu de setembro de 2012 a abril de 2013, permitiu o acompanhamento, desde o diagnóstico ao tratamento e evolução, de animais infetados pelos agentes Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis e Mycoplasma haemofelis responsáveis, respectivamente, pela erliquiose monocítica canina, babesiose canina e micoplasmose felina. O diagnóstico destas doenças foi realizado no caso de erliquiose com recurso à técnica de ELISA e nos casos de babesiose e micoplasmose recorrendo à citologia. O tratamento instituído envolveu a administração de antibioterapia com doxiciclina, nos casos de erliquiose e micoplasmose, e tratamento anti-protozoário com dipropionato de imidocarb, no caso de babesiose. A prevenção, nestes casos, passa pelo estabelecimento e cumprimento de um plano de desparasitação externa correto, de modo a controlar as infestações por pulgas e carraças, nos animais de companhia, e a reduzir o risco de infeções por hemoparasitas.
The hemoparasitoses are a group of diseases whose etiological agents exhibit tropism for blood cells. Infection occurs more often by inoculation of pathogens through arthropod vectors such as fleas and ticks. External parasitism is thus a risk factor for the development of diseases such as ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and mycoplasmosis, which are capable of causing from subclinical states, without associated clinical manifestations, to an organic involvement that endangers the host’s survival. The training period associated with the present dissertation, ran from September 2012 to April 2013 and allowed me to follow the diagnosis, treatment and clinical evolution of animals infected with the agents Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis and Mycoplasma haemofelis, which cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, canine babesiosis and feline mycoplasmosis, respectively. The diagnosis of these diseases was carried out using an ELISA technique in the case of ehrlichiosis, and cytology in babesiosis and mycoplasmosis. The treatment comprised the administration of the antibiotic doxycycline, in the case of ehrlichiosis and mycoplasmosis, and treatment with imidocarb dipropionate, in the case of babesiosis. Prevention, in all these cases, involves the establishment of a correct external antiparasitic plan, to control infestations by fleas and ticks on pets, and to reduce the risk of infection with hemoparasites.
The hemoparasitoses are a group of diseases whose etiological agents exhibit tropism for blood cells. Infection occurs more often by inoculation of pathogens through arthropod vectors such as fleas and ticks. External parasitism is thus a risk factor for the development of diseases such as ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and mycoplasmosis, which are capable of causing from subclinical states, without associated clinical manifestations, to an organic involvement that endangers the host’s survival. The training period associated with the present dissertation, ran from September 2012 to April 2013 and allowed me to follow the diagnosis, treatment and clinical evolution of animals infected with the agents Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis and Mycoplasma haemofelis, which cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, canine babesiosis and feline mycoplasmosis, respectively. The diagnosis of these diseases was carried out using an ELISA technique in the case of ehrlichiosis, and cytology in babesiosis and mycoplasmosis. The treatment comprised the administration of the antibiotic doxycycline, in the case of ehrlichiosis and mycoplasmosis, and treatment with imidocarb dipropionate, in the case of babesiosis. Prevention, in all these cases, involves the establishment of a correct external antiparasitic plan, to control infestations by fleas and ticks on pets, and to reduce the risk of infection with hemoparasites.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Doença infeciosa , Doença transmitida por vetores , Células sanguíneas , Animais de estimação