O Impacto da Inovação no Desempenho Económico-Financeiro das Empresas Industriais Portuguesas
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Data
2004
Autores
Marques, Carla Susana da Encarnação
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Resumo
É opinião geral que a inovação representa um papel essencial no desempenho económico-financeiro. Fica-se, no entanto, muitas vezes, com a sensação de que esta afirmação se refere indistintamente ao crescimento económico no geral, à competitividade das economias nacionais, à concorrência, à rendibilidade, à sobrevivência e ao crescimento de empresas individuais. Daí a necessidade de informação empírica, precisa, que ajude a clarificar como? quando? em que sentido? em que amplitude? a inovação é importante no desempenho económico-financeiro da empresa. Nesta investigação, procurou-se dar um contributo para um melhor conhecimento destas questões, estabelecendo, assim, como objectivo principal analisar o impacto positivo da inovação no desempenho económicofinanceiro das empresas industriais portuguesas ao longo do período 1995-2001.
A análise tem como quadro conceptual as abordagens actuais de referência sobre a temática da inovação e seu impacto no desempenho económico-financeiro, desenvolvendo um suporte teórico, corroborado por um suporte empírico que permite identificar os factores determinantes da inovação no desempenho a curto, médio e longo prazos nas empresas industriais portuguesas.
Para testar empiricamente as hipóteses em investigação, e tendo em consideração a complexidade do fenómeno em questão, recorreu-se à análise estatística-econométrica.
Assim, aos dados do painel de empresas, que resulta da fusão da informação da componente portuguesa do Community Innovation Survey 1997 (CIS2) com dados contabilísticos para um painel de empresas para o período 1995-2001, aplicaram-se modelos de regressão probit e tobit e sistemas de equações simultâneas para identificar os factores determinantes de cada uma das fases do processo de inovação e as interacções existentes entre cada uma dessas fases. Aplicaram-se, ainda, modelos de regressão logística ordinal para identificar quais os factores determinantes da inovação que surtem impacto no médio/ longo prazo no desempenho económico-financeiro das empresas.Os resultados obtidos mostram (i) que a inovação tem impacto positivo no desempenho económico-financeiro das empresas industriais portuguesas, num determinado momento (1997) e vice-versa, ou seja, existem relações de feedback entre as diferentes fases do processo de inovação (input, output e desempenho) e (ii) que existem variáveis de inovação afectas às fases do modelo de investigação (input, output e desempenho) que têm impacto no curto e médio/longo prazos no desempenho económico-financeiro da empresa, confirmando-se, assim, as hipóteses desta investigação.
It is widely accepted that innovation plays a major role as far as economic and financial performance is concerned. Quite often, however, one gets the impression that this statement comprises indiscriminately many different aspects such as economic growth in general, national economy competitiveness, competition, profitability as well as individual business firms’ survival and growth. Therefore it is important to develop empirical research to help clarify how, when, in what sense and how much innovation may affect the business firms economic and financial performance. With this study the author wishes to give a contribution to a better knowledge of these issues aiming mainly at analysing innovation’s positive impact on Portuguese industrial business firms’ economic and financial performance for the period between 1995 and 2001.The present analysis will adopt as a conceptual framework the latest reference approaches on innovation and its impact on economic and financial performance, while developing a theoretical support based on an empiric one which will make it possible to identify innovation’s determining factors on Portuguese industrial business firms’ short, medium and long term performance. Bearing in mind the complexity of the phenomenon, the hypotheses under study were tested empirically with recourse to the statistic econometric analysis. Thus, probit and tobit regression models and simultaneous equations systems were applied to the data regarding the business firms panel in order to identify the determining factors in each stage of the innovation process and the possible interactions between those stages. These data resulted from combining information concerning the Community Innovation Survey 1977 (CIS2) Portuguese component with accounting data for a business firm panel over the period between 1995 and 2001. Ordinal logistic regression models were also used to identify innovation’s determining factors likely to have an impact on the business firms’ medium and long term performance. The results thus obtained show that (i) innovation has a positive impact on Portuguese business firms’ economic and financial performance at a certain moment in time (1997) and vice-versa, that is, there is a feedback relationship between different stages of the innovation process (input, output, and performance) and (ii) there are innovation variables concerning the research model stages (input, output and performance) which have an impact on the business firm’s economic an financial short, medium and long term performance which confirms this study’s hypotheses.
It is widely accepted that innovation plays a major role as far as economic and financial performance is concerned. Quite often, however, one gets the impression that this statement comprises indiscriminately many different aspects such as economic growth in general, national economy competitiveness, competition, profitability as well as individual business firms’ survival and growth. Therefore it is important to develop empirical research to help clarify how, when, in what sense and how much innovation may affect the business firms economic and financial performance. With this study the author wishes to give a contribution to a better knowledge of these issues aiming mainly at analysing innovation’s positive impact on Portuguese industrial business firms’ economic and financial performance for the period between 1995 and 2001.The present analysis will adopt as a conceptual framework the latest reference approaches on innovation and its impact on economic and financial performance, while developing a theoretical support based on an empiric one which will make it possible to identify innovation’s determining factors on Portuguese industrial business firms’ short, medium and long term performance. Bearing in mind the complexity of the phenomenon, the hypotheses under study were tested empirically with recourse to the statistic econometric analysis. Thus, probit and tobit regression models and simultaneous equations systems were applied to the data regarding the business firms panel in order to identify the determining factors in each stage of the innovation process and the possible interactions between those stages. These data resulted from combining information concerning the Community Innovation Survey 1977 (CIS2) Portuguese component with accounting data for a business firm panel over the period between 1995 and 2001. Ordinal logistic regression models were also used to identify innovation’s determining factors likely to have an impact on the business firms’ medium and long term performance. The results thus obtained show that (i) innovation has a positive impact on Portuguese business firms’ economic and financial performance at a certain moment in time (1997) and vice-versa, that is, there is a feedback relationship between different stages of the innovation process (input, output, and performance) and (ii) there are innovation variables concerning the research model stages (input, output and performance) which have an impact on the business firm’s economic an financial short, medium and long term performance which confirms this study’s hypotheses.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão
Palavras-chave
Empresas industriais , Inovação , Desempenho económico-financeiro , Factores determinantes de inovação