Leishmaniose canina: estudo de casos clínicos
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2014-08-25
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A LCan é uma doença endémica e bastante frequente em Portugal. Esta zoonose é causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum, sendo os cães os principais hospedeiros reservatórios da infeção para os seres humanos. A forma infetante do parasita é a promastigota desenvolvida no trato gastrintestinal de pequenos insetos do género Phlebotomus, no Velho Mundo, vetores biológicos que transmitem o agente entre hospedeiros mamíferos. Sendo a leishmaniose uma doença sistémica de curso crónico, apresentando um quadro clínico diversificado, o diagnóstico deve ser efetuado o mais precocemente possível e a terapêutica rigorosamente cumprida. Para além disso, é indispensável monitorização laboratorial a intervalos regulares. A implementação de uma profilaxia e controlo eficaz assumem um papel necessário no cão.
Durante o período de estágio (Setembro de 2012 a Abril de 2013), no Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga e no Hospital Veterinário de Trás-os-Montes, foram acompanhados diversos casos clínicos de LCan. A seleção dos quatro animais incluídos nesta dissertação teve como intuito eleger casos que apresentassem uma ampla diversidade de sinais clínicos. O diagnóstico foi realizado através da deteção das formas amastigotas de Leishmania em citologias aspirativas por agulha fina de medula óssea e através da quantificação do título de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Os protocolos terapêuticos instituídos foram: alopurinol de forma isolada, combinações de alopurinol com antimoniato de meglumina e combinação de alopurinol com miltefosina. Foram necessárias monitorizações regulares, uma vez que pode ocorrer recorrência das manifestações clínicas.
A LCan é uma doença cada vez mais frequente, como se comprovou pelo número de casos observados durante o período de estágio curricular. Assim sendo, cabe ao médico veterinário incutir e aconselhar aos proprietários a utilização de terapia combinada com inseticidas e/ou repelentes, vacinação e domperidona (Leisguard®), para diminuir o risco de infeção e transmissão.
CanL is an endemic and very common disease in Portugal. This zoonosis is caused by Leishmania infantum and dogs are the main infection reservoirs regarding humans. The parasite’s infective form is the promastigote that is developed in the gastrointestinal tract of small insects of the genus Phlebotomus, in the Old World. This promastigote is the biological vector that transmits the agent between mammalian hosts. Leishmaniasis is a chronic course systemic disease, that presents a diverse clinical picture, and whose diagnosis should be made as early as possible and the treatment should be strictly enforced. Furthermore, laboratory monitoring at regular intervals is essential. The implementation of an effective prophylaxis and control also play a necessary and important role in the dog. During the internship period (September 2012 to April 2013), spent in Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga and Hospital Veterinário de Trás-os-Montes, several clinical cases of CanL were followed. The four animals selected in this dissertation presented a wide variety of clinical signs. The diagnosis was made by detection of Leishmania amastigotes through fine-needle aspiration citology of bone narrow and by quantifying the Leishmania-specific antibodies titer. The theurapeutic protocols used were: isolated allopurinol, combinations of allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol and miltefosine. This procedure took regular monitoring, since recurrent clinical manifestations could occur. CanL is an increasing disease, as evidenced by the number of clinical cases observed during the internship. Therefore, it is up to the veterinarian to instill and advice the owners on the use of a combination therapy with insecticides and/or repellents, vaccination and domperidone (Leisguard®), in order to reduce the risk of infection and transmission.
CanL is an endemic and very common disease in Portugal. This zoonosis is caused by Leishmania infantum and dogs are the main infection reservoirs regarding humans. The parasite’s infective form is the promastigote that is developed in the gastrointestinal tract of small insects of the genus Phlebotomus, in the Old World. This promastigote is the biological vector that transmits the agent between mammalian hosts. Leishmaniasis is a chronic course systemic disease, that presents a diverse clinical picture, and whose diagnosis should be made as early as possible and the treatment should be strictly enforced. Furthermore, laboratory monitoring at regular intervals is essential. The implementation of an effective prophylaxis and control also play a necessary and important role in the dog. During the internship period (September 2012 to April 2013), spent in Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga and Hospital Veterinário de Trás-os-Montes, several clinical cases of CanL were followed. The four animals selected in this dissertation presented a wide variety of clinical signs. The diagnosis was made by detection of Leishmania amastigotes through fine-needle aspiration citology of bone narrow and by quantifying the Leishmania-specific antibodies titer. The theurapeutic protocols used were: isolated allopurinol, combinations of allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol and miltefosine. This procedure took regular monitoring, since recurrent clinical manifestations could occur. CanL is an increasing disease, as evidenced by the number of clinical cases observed during the internship. Therefore, it is up to the veterinarian to instill and advice the owners on the use of a combination therapy with insecticides and/or repellents, vaccination and domperidone (Leisguard®), in order to reduce the risk of infection and transmission.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Cães , Leishmaniose , Protozoário , Doenças transmissíveis