Efeito do treinamento aeróbio e do treinamento de força na composição corporal e metabólicos relacionados à aterosclerose em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2
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2014-09-10
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Os programas de treinamento aeróbio e de força demonstram bons resultados no
controle das variáveis de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos. No entanto,
a influencia dos programas de treinamento nos níveis de homocisteína em
indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 2 não está muito claro. Deste modo, esta tese teve
como principais objetivos (i) analisar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e de força
nos níveis de homocisteína; (ii) analisar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e de força
nos metabólicos relacionados aterosclerose e (iii) analisar os efeitos do treinamento
aeróbio e de força nas variáveis de composição corporal relacionadas aterosclerose.
A amostra, constituída por 47 mulheres com diabetes do tipo 2 e idade entre 60 e 91
anos, sendo 15 no grupo aeróbio (média de idade 68,86±11,2), 14 no treino de força
(média de idade 68,00±6,5 anos) e 18 no grupo controle (média de idade 67,61±6,0).
Foram feitas avaliações bioquímicas e antropométricas, antes e após 16 semanas
de treinamento. O treinamento foi realizado com 2 sessões durante a semana. A intensidade do treinamento aeróbio foi de 60-70% da frequência cardíaca máxima
com 75 minutos cada sessão. As sessões de treinamento de força tiveram a duração
de 50 minutos, e foram compostas de 3 séries de 8 a 12 repetições em 8 exercícios.
A carga estabelecida foi de 60% de 1 Repetição Máxima (1RM) com 1 minuto e 30
segundos de descanso entre as séries. Os resultados observados demonstram que
não houve alteração nos níveis de homocisteína, colesterol total, Lipoproteína de
Muito Baixa Densidade (VLDL), após os treinamentos. No treino aeróbio a
Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade (LDL) e a Lipoproteína de Alta Densidade (HDL)
também não alteraram. Já glicemia e os triglicérides apresentaram diferenças
significativas. Também apresentam diferenças significativas a pressão arterial diastólica, Consumo Máximo de Oxigênio (VO2máx), percentual de gordura e massa gorda. No treino de força os triglicerídeos e glicose sanguínea não apresentaram diferenças significantes, mas a LDL, HDL, massa magra e gorda e o percentual de
gordura apresentaram diferenças. Conclui-se que o treinamento aeróbio e de força
não influenciam os níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína, mas ajudam a melhorar o
perfil lipoproteico em diabéticos do tipo 2.
Training programs aerobic and strength show good results in the control of cardiovascular risk variables in diabetic subjects. However the influence of the training programs in homocysteine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes is not very clear. Thus, the objectives of the studies are (i) analyze the effects of training programs aerobic and strength in homocysteine levels (ii) analyze the effects of training programs aerobic and strength in metabolic related atherosclerosis and (iii) analyze the effects of training programs aerobic and strength in body composition related atherosclerosis. The sample consisted of 47 women with type 2 diabetes and age between 60 and 91 years, 15 in the aerobic group (mean age 68,86±11,2), 14 in strength training mean age 68,00±6,5 anos) and 18 in the control group (mean age 67,61±6,0). Evaluations were made biochemical and anthropometric before and after 16 weeks of training. The training was conducted with 2 sessions during the week. The intensity of aerobic training was 60-70% of maximum heart rate at 75 minutes each session. The strength training sessions lasted 50 minutes and were composed of 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions the 8 exercices. The established load was 60% of 1RM with 1 minute and 30 seconds of rest between sets. The observed results show that there was no change in the levels of homocysteine, total cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), after training. In aerobic exercise Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) did not change. Already glucose and triglycerides showed significant differences. Also significant differences in diastolic blood pressure, Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max), body fat percentage and fat mass. In strength training triglycerides and blood glucose showed no significant differences, but the LDL, HDL, lean and fat mass and percentage fat differ. We conclude that aerobic training and strength does not influence plasma levels of homocysteine, but it helps to improve the lipoprotein profile in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Training programs aerobic and strength show good results in the control of cardiovascular risk variables in diabetic subjects. However the influence of the training programs in homocysteine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes is not very clear. Thus, the objectives of the studies are (i) analyze the effects of training programs aerobic and strength in homocysteine levels (ii) analyze the effects of training programs aerobic and strength in metabolic related atherosclerosis and (iii) analyze the effects of training programs aerobic and strength in body composition related atherosclerosis. The sample consisted of 47 women with type 2 diabetes and age between 60 and 91 years, 15 in the aerobic group (mean age 68,86±11,2), 14 in strength training mean age 68,00±6,5 anos) and 18 in the control group (mean age 67,61±6,0). Evaluations were made biochemical and anthropometric before and after 16 weeks of training. The training was conducted with 2 sessions during the week. The intensity of aerobic training was 60-70% of maximum heart rate at 75 minutes each session. The strength training sessions lasted 50 minutes and were composed of 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions the 8 exercices. The established load was 60% of 1RM with 1 minute and 30 seconds of rest between sets. The observed results show that there was no change in the levels of homocysteine, total cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), after training. In aerobic exercise Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) did not change. Already glucose and triglycerides showed significant differences. Also significant differences in diastolic blood pressure, Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max), body fat percentage and fat mass. In strength training triglycerides and blood glucose showed no significant differences, but the LDL, HDL, lean and fat mass and percentage fat differ. We conclude that aerobic training and strength does not influence plasma levels of homocysteine, but it helps to improve the lipoprotein profile in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Diabetes , Treino de força , Composição corporal , Treino aeróbio , Perfil metabólico