Fatores parentais que influenciam as atitudes do adolescente face à sexualidade
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2015-03-10
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Introdução: A adolescência constitui, por si, o momento inicial de exploração e experimentação de vivências ligadas à intimidade e sexualidade, tornando este um grupo vulnerável. Sendo no seio familiar que o adolescente experimenta os primeiros relacionamentos afetivos e com eles desenvolve capacidades para adquirir autonomia e definir a sua identidade, torna-se, importante, perceber os fatores familiares que podem estar na base das atitudes do adolescente face à sexualidade, nomeadamente os fatores parentais.
Objetivos: Identificar fatores parentais que interferem nas atitudes do adolescente face à sexualidade.
Metodologia: De acordo com os objetivos do estudo e as hipóteses elaboradas trata-se de um estudo descritivo-correlacional de natureza quantitativa, onde se procura identificar fatores parentais que possam influenciar a atitude dos jovens face à sexualidade, tendo presente que os pais são os principais intervenientes neste período crítico que é a adolescência e numa área tão sensível. A amostra é constituída por 123 adolescentes, a frequentar o 9º ano de escolaridade, provenientes de quatro escolas.
Resultados: Os resultados globais mais significativos apontam para uma atitude favorável face à sexualidade por parte de praticamente metade dos jovens (48%) e têm atitude desfavorável apenas 34,1%. Esta atitude pelo teste de hipóteses está relacionada com: i) o género, onde o género feminino apresenta valores médios mais elevados na escala de atitudes; ii) existência de relacionamento amoroso, sendo os jovens que namoram os que apresentam valores na escala de atitudes mais elevados; iii) género parental de referência, constituindo a mãe o membro parental que mais contribui para uma atitude favorável; iv) existe uma correlação altamente significativa relativamente ao conforto em falar de sexualidade com o adolescente, e a adaptabilidade e coesão familiar.
Conclusões: Verificou-se que a mãe constitui o membro parental preferido para os adolescentes falarem de sexualidade. Em dados acessórios colhidos junto dos pais, verificou-se que era a mãe que conversa mais com os filhos, está mais atenta e percebe quando têm problemas. Esta constitui também maioritariamente o encarregado de educação.
Uma orientação dirigida permite aos pais e educadores desenvolver estratégias que contribuam para que os jovens ajam com responsabilidade, tenham autoestima e não corram riscos desnecessários, tenham atitudes e comportamentos adequados e que contribuam para a vivência de uma sexualidade saudável.
Introduction: Adolescence is, by itself, the time of initial exploration and experimentation of experiences related to sexuality and intimacy, making this a vulnerable group. Thus, adults, families and educators that accompany the teenager are important actors in his development process. Since it is within the family that the teenager experiences the first affective relationships and it is with them that he develops capabilities to acquire autonomy and define his identity, it becomes important to understand the family factors that may underpin adolescent’s sexual attitudes, particularly parental factors. Purpose: Identify parental factors that may underpin adolescent’s sexual attitudes. Methods: In this context we conducted the study “parental factors that influence adolescent’s attitudes regarding sexuality”. It is a quantitative descriptive-correlational study, which seeks to identify parental factors that may influence teens’ attitudes towards sexuality, bearing in mind that parents are the key players in this critical and sensitive period that is adolescence. The sample consists of 123 adolescents attending the 9th grade from four schools. Results: The most significant overall results indicate a favorable attitude towards sexuality by almost half of young people (48%) and an unfavorable attitude by only 34,1 %. This attitude, by hypothesis testing, is related to: i) gender, with the female having the higher average values in the attitudes scale; ii) age group, where younger adolescents show higher rates; iii) existence of loving relationship; iv) parental reference gender and parents’ profession. Conclusions: Also, in accessory data collected from parents, was found that the mother is the parental member who talks more with the children, is more aware and realizes when they have problems. She is also more frequently the responsible for education. The family context is of great importance in young people’s adoption of sexual behaviors, existing a highly significant correlation for the comfort in talking about sexuality with adolescents, family cohesion and adaptability. A guided orientation allows parents and educators to develop strategies to help young people to act responsibly, to have self conficence, to not run unnecessary risks and to have appropriate attitudes and behaviors which contribute to an healthy sexuality living.
Introduction: Adolescence is, by itself, the time of initial exploration and experimentation of experiences related to sexuality and intimacy, making this a vulnerable group. Thus, adults, families and educators that accompany the teenager are important actors in his development process. Since it is within the family that the teenager experiences the first affective relationships and it is with them that he develops capabilities to acquire autonomy and define his identity, it becomes important to understand the family factors that may underpin adolescent’s sexual attitudes, particularly parental factors. Purpose: Identify parental factors that may underpin adolescent’s sexual attitudes. Methods: In this context we conducted the study “parental factors that influence adolescent’s attitudes regarding sexuality”. It is a quantitative descriptive-correlational study, which seeks to identify parental factors that may influence teens’ attitudes towards sexuality, bearing in mind that parents are the key players in this critical and sensitive period that is adolescence. The sample consists of 123 adolescents attending the 9th grade from four schools. Results: The most significant overall results indicate a favorable attitude towards sexuality by almost half of young people (48%) and an unfavorable attitude by only 34,1 %. This attitude, by hypothesis testing, is related to: i) gender, with the female having the higher average values in the attitudes scale; ii) age group, where younger adolescents show higher rates; iii) existence of loving relationship; iv) parental reference gender and parents’ profession. Conclusions: Also, in accessory data collected from parents, was found that the mother is the parental member who talks more with the children, is more aware and realizes when they have problems. She is also more frequently the responsible for education. The family context is of great importance in young people’s adoption of sexual behaviors, existing a highly significant correlation for the comfort in talking about sexuality with adolescents, family cohesion and adaptability. A guided orientation allows parents and educators to develop strategies to help young people to act responsibly, to have self conficence, to not run unnecessary risks and to have appropriate attitudes and behaviors which contribute to an healthy sexuality living.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstetrícia
Palavras-chave
Enfermagem obstétrica , Adolescência , Sexualidade , Educação sexual , Poder familiar