Modelo de apoio à decisão na recolha de resíduos urbanos
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2015-04-23
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Nas últimas décadas com o acréscimo da produção e perigosidade dos resíduos, aumentaram as exigências impostas aos sistemas de recolha, transporte e tratamento de resíduos, traduzindo-se também em maiores custos do serviço.
Os elevados custos e impactes ambientais associados à recolha e transporte de resíduos urbanos (RU), bem como a necessidade de avaliar o desempenho destes sistemas e a qualidade do serviço prestado, levaram a que fossem desenvolvidos vários esforços tendentes a assegurar melhores desempenhos operacionais, económicos e ambientais.
O desenvolvimento de modelos de avaliação de desempenho baseados em indicadores de desempenho são uma das formas de avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de recolha. Estes indicadores permitem o apoio à decisão, a identificação de aspetos relevantes a otimizar no sistema com vista à melhoria da qualidade do serviço e a comparação de desempenho entre diferentes sistemas de recolha.
Tendo por base esta problemática, nesta dissertação apresenta-se um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de circuitos de recolha e transporte de RU com base num sistema de 14 indicadores (12 operacionais, 1 económico e 1 ambiental), que foi posteriormente transposto para uma aplicação informática online que visa agilizar e uniformizar o cálculo dos indicadores.
De forma a testar e validar o modelo, este foi submetido à análise de 26 circuitos de recolha do concelho de Lisboa. Os resultados obtidos no caso de estudo representam um importante contributo para os técnicos envolvidos na recolha de RU e para a tomada de decisão sobre o tipo de sistema de recolha a implementar por parte dos responsáveis de entidades gestoras de RU.
In recent decades with the increased production of urban waste, the requirements on the collection, transport and waste treatment systems increased, translating into higher costs of service. The high costs associated to the urban waste collection and transportation, as well as the need to evaluate the quality of service, led to several efforts to ensure better operational, economic and environmental performance. The development of evaluating performance models based on performance indicators are one of the ways to evaluate the performance of a collection system. These indicators enable decision support, identification of relevant aspects to optimize the system to improve a quality of service and comparison between different systems. Based on this issue, this paper presents a model for evaluating the performance of collection and transportation urban waste, with basis of twelve operational indicators, one economic indicator and one environmental indicator. This developed model was subsequently transposed to an online computer application that aims to streamline and standardize the indicators’ calculus. Subsequently, in order to test and validate the model, twenty six urban waste collection routes in the municipality of Lisbon. The results obtained in the case study are an important contribution to the technicians involved in projects of urban waste collection and for decision-making on the type of collection system to be implemented.
In recent decades with the increased production of urban waste, the requirements on the collection, transport and waste treatment systems increased, translating into higher costs of service. The high costs associated to the urban waste collection and transportation, as well as the need to evaluate the quality of service, led to several efforts to ensure better operational, economic and environmental performance. The development of evaluating performance models based on performance indicators are one of the ways to evaluate the performance of a collection system. These indicators enable decision support, identification of relevant aspects to optimize the system to improve a quality of service and comparison between different systems. Based on this issue, this paper presents a model for evaluating the performance of collection and transportation urban waste, with basis of twelve operational indicators, one economic indicator and one environmental indicator. This developed model was subsequently transposed to an online computer application that aims to streamline and standardize the indicators’ calculus. Subsequently, in order to test and validate the model, twenty six urban waste collection routes in the municipality of Lisbon. The results obtained in the case study are an important contribution to the technicians involved in projects of urban waste collection and for decision-making on the type of collection system to be implemented.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
Palavras-chave
Resíduos urbanos , Indicadores de desempenho , Transporte de resíduos , Sistemas de recolha