Obesidade, ocupação dos tempos livres e percepção da imagem corporal em crianças e adolescentes da Escola Básica 2, 3 de S. Torcato - Guimarães
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2015-05-04
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Nas últimas décadas temos assistido em todo o mundo, a um aumento da obesidade a uma velocidade aterradora, o que a tornou uma das mais recentes epidemias à escala mundial, cuja prevalência aumenta particularmente nas crianças e adolescentes. Vários estudos comprovam que a forma como os jovens ocupam os seus tempos livres (actividades sedentárias e exercício físico) e a imagem corporal que têm de si próprios (percepcionada e insatisfação) estão relacionados com a obesidade. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objectivo relacionar a ocupação dos tempos livres e a percepção da imagem corporal com a obesidade. A amostra é constituída por 529 jovens, 284 do sexo masculino e 245 do feminino com idades decimais compreendidas entre os 10,47 e os 17,29 anos (13,26±1,59). Para a recolha de dados, relativamente à ocupação dos tempos livres, prática de exercício físico e imagem corporal, foi utilizado um questionário, baseado no questionário de Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) e já utilizado em vários estudos no âmbito do projecto de Estratégias Locais de Saúde (ELSa). Na avaliação da percepção da imagem corporal foi utilizado o conjunto de silhuetas de Collins e para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foram recolhidos o peso e a altura e utilizados os valores de corte de Cole et al. para definir o grau de obesidade. Como resultados do nosso estudo verificamos que existem diferenças, estatisticamente, significativas na imagem corporal percepcionada segundo a prevalência de obesidade (p=0,000) e na insatisfação da imagem corporal segundo a prevalência de obesidade (p=0,000). Os indivíduos obesos percepcionaram-se como mais gordos e sentem-se mais insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal do que os normoponderais, principalmente pelo excesso de peso. Relativamente às actividades de tempos livres verificaram-se diferenças, estatisticamente, significativas segundo o sexo nas actividades: número de horas que jogam jogos durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana, que estão na internet durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana, estão com os amigos durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana. Os rapazes apresentam valores mais elevados nos jogos electrónicos à semana 3,01 (±1,61) e ao fim-de-semana 3,31 (±1,65), na internet à semana 3,46 (±1,63) e ao fim-de-semana 3,49 (±1,67) e no número de horas que estão com os amigos ao fim-de-semana 3,31 (±1,65). Também se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas actividades de tempos livres segundo os ciclos de ensino, no número de horas que vêem televisão durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana, na internet durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana, a estudar ao fim-de-semana e no estar com os amigos ao fim-de-semana. Verificou-se que em todas estas actividades os alunos do 3º ciclo apresentam valores mais altos, à excepção de estudar ao fim-de-semana em que os alunos do 2º ciclo apresentaram valores superiores. Ao analisar a prática de exercício físico verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas segundo o sexo (p=0,000) e segundo os ciclos de ensino (p=0,000). A maioria dos rapazes e os alunos do 3º ciclo praticam mais horas de exercício físico por semana. A imagem percepcionada e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal foram as únicas variáveis que se relacionaram com a obesidade nos jovens. As estratégias de intervenção para a redução da obesidade devem contemplar também a promoção de uma imagem corporal positiva.
In recent decades we have assisted all over the world to the development of obesity at a terrifying rate, which made it one of the recent pandemic worldwide, whose prevalence increases particularly in children and adolescents Multiple studies prove that the way young people occupy their leisure time (sedentary activities and physical exercise) and body image that have themselves (perceived and insatisfaction) are related to obesity. Thus, this study aimed to relate the occupation of leisure time and the perception of body image with obesity. The sample consists of 529 young people, 284 male and 245 female with decimals ages between 10.47 and 17.29 years (13.26 ± 1.59). For the collection of data regarding the occupation of leisure time, the practice of physical exercise and body image, was used a questionnaire, based on questionnaire of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) and already used in several studies within the framework of the project Estratégias Locais de Saúde (ELSa). In assessing the perception of body image was used the set of silhouettes of Collins and the calculation of body mass index (BMI) were collected the weight and height and used the cutting values of Cole et al. to define the degree of obesity. As results of our study we verify that there are differences, statistically significant, in body image perceived according to the prevalence of obesity (p=0.000) and body image dissatisfaction according to the prevalence of obesity (p=0.000). The obese individuals perceptioned himselves as fatter and they feel more dissatisfied with body image than the normal weight, mainly by excess weight. Relatively to the leisure activities were verify differences statistically significant according to sex type in the activities: number of hours playing games during the week and at weekends, which are on the internet during the week and at weekends, are with friends during the week and at weekends. The boys have higher values in playing electronic games at the week 3.01 (± 1.61) and at the weekend 3.31 (± 1.65), on the internet at the week 3.46 (± 1.63) and at the weekend 3.49 (± 1.67) and on the number of hours that are with the friends at the weekend 3.31 (± 1.65). Also there were diferences statistically significant in leisure activities in accordance with the educational cycles, in the number of hours they see television during the week and at weekends, on the internet during the week and at weekends, studying at the weekend and be with friends at weekends. It was found that in all these activities students of 3rd cycle have higher values, with the exception of study at the weekend in which students of 2nd cycle showed higher values. To analyze the practice of physical exercise were verified diferences statistically significant according to sex type (p=0.000) and according the cycles of higher education (p=0.000). Most boys and 3rd cycle students practice more hours of exercise per week. The image perceived and insatisfaction with body image were the only variables that related with obesity in young people. The intervention strategies to reduce obesity should include also the promotion of a positive body image.
In recent decades we have assisted all over the world to the development of obesity at a terrifying rate, which made it one of the recent pandemic worldwide, whose prevalence increases particularly in children and adolescents Multiple studies prove that the way young people occupy their leisure time (sedentary activities and physical exercise) and body image that have themselves (perceived and insatisfaction) are related to obesity. Thus, this study aimed to relate the occupation of leisure time and the perception of body image with obesity. The sample consists of 529 young people, 284 male and 245 female with decimals ages between 10.47 and 17.29 years (13.26 ± 1.59). For the collection of data regarding the occupation of leisure time, the practice of physical exercise and body image, was used a questionnaire, based on questionnaire of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) and already used in several studies within the framework of the project Estratégias Locais de Saúde (ELSa). In assessing the perception of body image was used the set of silhouettes of Collins and the calculation of body mass index (BMI) were collected the weight and height and used the cutting values of Cole et al. to define the degree of obesity. As results of our study we verify that there are differences, statistically significant, in body image perceived according to the prevalence of obesity (p=0.000) and body image dissatisfaction according to the prevalence of obesity (p=0.000). The obese individuals perceptioned himselves as fatter and they feel more dissatisfied with body image than the normal weight, mainly by excess weight. Relatively to the leisure activities were verify differences statistically significant according to sex type in the activities: number of hours playing games during the week and at weekends, which are on the internet during the week and at weekends, are with friends during the week and at weekends. The boys have higher values in playing electronic games at the week 3.01 (± 1.61) and at the weekend 3.31 (± 1.65), on the internet at the week 3.46 (± 1.63) and at the weekend 3.49 (± 1.67) and on the number of hours that are with the friends at the weekend 3.31 (± 1.65). Also there were diferences statistically significant in leisure activities in accordance with the educational cycles, in the number of hours they see television during the week and at weekends, on the internet during the week and at weekends, studying at the weekend and be with friends at weekends. It was found that in all these activities students of 3rd cycle have higher values, with the exception of study at the weekend in which students of 2nd cycle showed higher values. To analyze the practice of physical exercise were verified diferences statistically significant according to sex type (p=0.000) and according the cycles of higher education (p=0.000). Most boys and 3rd cycle students practice more hours of exercise per week. The image perceived and insatisfaction with body image were the only variables that related with obesity in young people. The intervention strategies to reduce obesity should include also the promotion of a positive body image.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Obesidade , Ocupação dos tempos livres , Crianças , Adolescentes , Imagem corporal