Babesiose canina no Distrito de Bragança
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2015-05-20
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A babesiose canina (ou piroplasmose) é causada por protozoários transmitidos por carraças e afeta cães em muitas partes do mundo. As duas principais espécies reconhecidas como agentes da doença são Babesia canis e Babesia gibsoni, que correspondem respetivamente a formas intraeritrocitárias (ou piroplasmas) grandes (3-5 μm) e pequenas (0,5-2,5 μm). As espécies B. canis e Babesia vogeli, anteriormente consideradas subespécies de B. canis, são os dois agentes da babesiose canina mais frequentemente assinalados na Europa, estando associados às carraças Dermacentor reticulatus e Rhipicephalus sanguineus, respetivamente. Os sinais clínicos da doença são variáveis e incluem essencialmente apatia, anorexia, perda de apetite, mucosas pálidas, icterícia, urina escura, epistaxis e dor. Outras manifestações clínicas incluem trombocitopenia e anemia hemolítica. A babesiose canina causada por piroplasmas grandes é endémica no Nordeste Transmontano, e tanto as espécies B. canis como B. vogeli já foram especificamente identificadas em cães desta área geográfica. O presente trabalho faz uma abordagem à babesiose canina no distrito de Bragança, focando essencialmente dados clínicos de animais em que foi diagnosticada a doença. Foram analisados os processos clínicos de 110 cães suspeitos de hemoparasitoses, tendo sido diagnosticada babesiose em 84 deles (76,4%) através de observação de piroplasmas grandes em esfregaço de sangue periférico. Destes 84 cães, 46 (45%) eram machos, 38 (55%) eram fêmeas, 44 (52,4%) tinham menos de 3 anos de idade e aproximadamente 70% (57/84) dos cães tinham aptidão para a caça. Em 39 cães (46,4%) verificou-se a presença de carraças. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram apatia (76,1%; 64/84), pigmentúria (68,3%; 41/60), anorexia (50%; 42/84), mucosas anémicas (35,1%; 27/77) e icterícia (13%; 10/77). Setenta e três cães (87%) (54 do concelho de Bragança e 19 do concelho de Vinhais) habitavam dentro da área de delimitação do Parque de Montesinho-Nogueira. Os casos de babesiose canina deste estudo incidem predominantemente em dois períodos específicos, no outono (outubro, novembro e dezembro) e na primavera (março, abril e maio). Em 19 cães foi confirmada a presença de Babesia canis por PCR e posterior análise por sequenciação do gene 18S rARN.
Confirma-se a existência de babesiose canina na área em estudo, o Nordeste Transmontano, o que deve ser levado em conta na clínica de pequenos animais em termos de diagnóstico e, sobretudo na aplicação de medidas profiláticas.
Canine babesiosis (or piroplasmosis) is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution. Two main species have been identified as aetiological agents of the disease in dogs: Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni, which correspond to large (3–5 mm) and small (0.5–2,5 μm) intraerythrocytic parasitic forms (or piroplasms), respectively. Species B. canis and Babesia vogeli, previously considered as subspecies of B. canis, are the two most frequently reported agents of canine babesiosis in Europe, being associated with Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, respectively. The clinical manifestations of babesiosis are variable but essentially include lethargy, anorexia, decreased appetite, pale mucous membranes, jaundice, haemoglobinuria, epistaxis and pain. Thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia can also be present. Canine babesiosis caused by large piroplasms is endemic in the Northeast of Portugal and both species B. canis and B. vogeli have been molecularly identified in dogs from this geographical area. This dissertation presents an approach to the canine babesiosis in the district of Bragança, focusing essentially on clinical data from dogs diagnosed with babesiosis. From 110 dogs with suspected of a canine vector-borne disease, 84 were diagnosed with babesiosis (76.4%) by observing intraerythrocytic large piroplasms on peripheral blood smears. Of these 84 dogs, 46 (45%) were male, 38 (55%) were female, 44 (52.4%) had less than 3 years and approximately 70% (57/84) were hunting dogs. Thirty-nine dogs (46.4%) were found infested with ticks. The most frequent clinical signs were lethargy (76.1%, 64/84), haemoglobinuria (68.3%, 41/60), anorexia (50%, 42/84), pale mucous membranes (35.1%, 27/77) and jaundice (13%, 10/77). Seventy-three dogs (87%) (54 from the municipality of Bragança and 19 from the muncipality of Vinhais) lived within the limits of Montesinho-Nogueira Park. The present cases of canine babesiosis occurred mainly in two specific periods, during fall (October, November and December) and spring (March, April and May). In 19 of these dogs, the presence of B. canis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The presence of canine babesiosis in the Northeast of Portugal should alert small animal veterinary practitioners in terms of diagnosis and also to promote effective control measures against this vector-borne disease.
Canine babesiosis (or piroplasmosis) is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution. Two main species have been identified as aetiological agents of the disease in dogs: Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni, which correspond to large (3–5 mm) and small (0.5–2,5 μm) intraerythrocytic parasitic forms (or piroplasms), respectively. Species B. canis and Babesia vogeli, previously considered as subspecies of B. canis, are the two most frequently reported agents of canine babesiosis in Europe, being associated with Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, respectively. The clinical manifestations of babesiosis are variable but essentially include lethargy, anorexia, decreased appetite, pale mucous membranes, jaundice, haemoglobinuria, epistaxis and pain. Thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia can also be present. Canine babesiosis caused by large piroplasms is endemic in the Northeast of Portugal and both species B. canis and B. vogeli have been molecularly identified in dogs from this geographical area. This dissertation presents an approach to the canine babesiosis in the district of Bragança, focusing essentially on clinical data from dogs diagnosed with babesiosis. From 110 dogs with suspected of a canine vector-borne disease, 84 were diagnosed with babesiosis (76.4%) by observing intraerythrocytic large piroplasms on peripheral blood smears. Of these 84 dogs, 46 (45%) were male, 38 (55%) were female, 44 (52.4%) had less than 3 years and approximately 70% (57/84) were hunting dogs. Thirty-nine dogs (46.4%) were found infested with ticks. The most frequent clinical signs were lethargy (76.1%, 64/84), haemoglobinuria (68.3%, 41/60), anorexia (50%, 42/84), pale mucous membranes (35.1%, 27/77) and jaundice (13%, 10/77). Seventy-three dogs (87%) (54 from the municipality of Bragança and 19 from the muncipality of Vinhais) lived within the limits of Montesinho-Nogueira Park. The present cases of canine babesiosis occurred mainly in two specific periods, during fall (October, November and December) and spring (March, April and May). In 19 of these dogs, the presence of B. canis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The presence of canine babesiosis in the Northeast of Portugal should alert small animal veterinary practitioners in terms of diagnosis and also to promote effective control measures against this vector-borne disease.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias
Palavras-chave
Cães , Babesiose , Distrito de Bragança (Portugal) , Doença transmitida por carrapatos