Análise e caracterização do jogador central masculino na modalidade de voleibol de alto nível
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2015-09-30
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No contexto do Voleibol moderno, o jogador central é considerado um dos mais importantes na organização tática, por ser um dos mais solicitados quer na manobra defensiva, quer na manobra ofensiva.
Neste sentido o 1º estudo teve como objetivo comparar o perfil dos jogadores centrais de elite nacional e internacional no Voleibol. A amostra foi constituída por 66 atletas, dos quais 30 eram atletas nacionais que jogavam na 1ª divisão sénior masculina do campeonato nacional português e os restantes 36 atletas eram atletas internacionais das seleções pertencentes ao topten mundial. As avaliações foram realizadas aos atletas nacionais durante a pré-época 2014/2015. Foi medido a estatura, o peso, a impulsão vertical no bloco e no ataque. Calculamos o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Os dados revelaram que existem diferenças significativas em todas as variáveis analisadas (p≤0,001), com exceção do IMC (p>0,05). Em todas as avaliações efetuadas, os jogadores centrais de elite nacional obtiveram valores inferiores ao jogador central de elite internacional.
Relativamente aos 2º e 3º estudos pretendeu-se analisar os deslocamentos que o jogador central executou no momento antes da realização do procedimento técnico do bloco e qual a ação que o mesmo jogador realiza nas mais diversas situações. A amostra foi constituída por 4895 ações correspondentes a 30 jogos da 1ª divisão sénior masculina do campeonato nacional português de 2013/2014. Foram analisados para o 2º estudo os deslocamentos que cada jogador central executou durante o momento de pré-bloco e para o 3º estudo registou-se qual a ação que ocorreu em cada jogada. Em ambos os estudos também foram assinalados o tempo de bola passada pelo distribuidor adversário e a zona onde foi executado o ataque adversário. No estudo 2 verificou-se que o deslocamento de Passo Cruzado foi o mais realizado, a zona de ataque mais solicitada foi a zona 4 e o tipo de distribuição mais utilizado foi o 2º tempo (bola pingada). Averiguou-se que existe uma relação de dependência entre a zona de ataque e o tipo de distribuição e os descolamentos efetuados (p≤0,001). Em relação ao 3ª estudo, a ação “faz bloco mas não toca na bola” é a que ocorre na maior parte das jogadas, existindo uma forte tendência do jogador central tentar efetivar o seu bloco nas zonas 3 e 4 em detrimento das zonas defensivas (p≤0,001). O 4º estudo teve como objetivo analisar os deslocamentos que se podem realizar no recuo da rede, após o ataque adversário, para posteriormente iniciar o seu contra-ataque. A amostra foi constituída por 1380 ações correspondentes a 30 jogos da 1ª divisão sénior masculina do campeonato nacional português 2013/2014. Analisou-se ainda, se o jogador saltou para ser opção no contra-ataque, se o distribuidor optou por jogar com ele e qual o resultado do ataque realizado. Verificou-se que existe uma relação entre as movimentações efetuadas e o resultado final do ataque (p≤0,001). A movimentação Perpendicular à Rede foi a mais utilizada, porém, a que permitiu ao jogador central realizar mais pontos foi o movimento de recuo de Frente para a Rede.
Decorrente desta investigação parece-nos determinante e consensual, a necessidade de considerar-se as variáveis antropométricas, as variáveis funcionais dos testes realizados, assim como todos os possíveis resultados alcançados, como eventuais indicadores a ter em consideração na formação e especialização do jovem jogador central português. Este é somente o princípio do processo que se pretende realizar, num futuro muito próximo.
In modern volleyball, the middle blocker is regarded as one of the most important players for the tactical organization, because he is frequently requested either for defensive or offensive maneuvers. In this respect, the first study aimed to compare the profile of the offensive middle blockers in national and international elite volleyball. The sample consisted of 66 athletes, of which 30 were national athletes who played in the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league, and 36 were international athletes who played in the teams from world topten. We have performed assessments on national athletes during the 2014/2015 preseason. We have measure the height, the weight and the vertical thrust in block and during the attack. We have also calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI). The studies established that there are substantial differences between all the variables analyzed (p≤0.001), except for the BMI (p>0.05). In all the assessments, the national elite middle blockers have obtained values inferior to the international elite center blocker's values. Regarding the second and third studies, we had the purpose of analyzing the movements that the middle blocker executed before the technical procedure of the block, as well as the actions that the same player executes in different situations. The sample consisted of 4895 actions representing 30 games from the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league on season 2013/2014. The second study reviewed the movements that each middle blocker executed during the moment of pre-block, and the third study registered the action executed in each play. Both studies have also recorded the ball tempo of the opposing setter and the zone where the opposing attack had been executed. The second study has established that the most frequent movement was the Crossover Step, that the most requested attack zone was Zone 4 and that the most frequent type of setting was 2nd tempo slow. We have determined that there is a relationship of dependency between the attack zone, the type of setting and the movements that were executed (p≤0.001). In the 3rd study, data showed that the action "performs block but does not make contact with the ball" is the most frequent. There is a strong tendency for the middle blocker to attempt to carry out the block in zones 3 and 4, to the detriment of defensive zones (p≤0.001). The 4th study aimed to analyze the movements that can be executed when the player pulls off the net for performing his counterattack. The sample consisted of 1380 actions representing 30 games from the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league on season 2013/2014. We have also reviewed the situations where the middle blocker jumped for becoming an option in a counterattack, where the setter opted to play with the middle blocker and the outcome of the attacks performed. We have determined that there is a relationship between the movements and the outcome of the attack (p≤0.001). The most frequent motion was Perpendicular to the net, but the one that allowed the middle blocker to score more points was the retreat movement Facing the Net. This investigation is consensual regarding the need to consider the anthropometric variables, the functional variables of the tests performed, as well as all the potential results obtained as indicators to be taken into account in the training and specialization of the young Portuguese middle blocker. This is only the beginning of the process that we aim to initiate in a very near future.
In modern volleyball, the middle blocker is regarded as one of the most important players for the tactical organization, because he is frequently requested either for defensive or offensive maneuvers. In this respect, the first study aimed to compare the profile of the offensive middle blockers in national and international elite volleyball. The sample consisted of 66 athletes, of which 30 were national athletes who played in the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league, and 36 were international athletes who played in the teams from world topten. We have performed assessments on national athletes during the 2014/2015 preseason. We have measure the height, the weight and the vertical thrust in block and during the attack. We have also calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI). The studies established that there are substantial differences between all the variables analyzed (p≤0.001), except for the BMI (p>0.05). In all the assessments, the national elite middle blockers have obtained values inferior to the international elite center blocker's values. Regarding the second and third studies, we had the purpose of analyzing the movements that the middle blocker executed before the technical procedure of the block, as well as the actions that the same player executes in different situations. The sample consisted of 4895 actions representing 30 games from the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league on season 2013/2014. The second study reviewed the movements that each middle blocker executed during the moment of pre-block, and the third study registered the action executed in each play. Both studies have also recorded the ball tempo of the opposing setter and the zone where the opposing attack had been executed. The second study has established that the most frequent movement was the Crossover Step, that the most requested attack zone was Zone 4 and that the most frequent type of setting was 2nd tempo slow. We have determined that there is a relationship of dependency between the attack zone, the type of setting and the movements that were executed (p≤0.001). In the 3rd study, data showed that the action "performs block but does not make contact with the ball" is the most frequent. There is a strong tendency for the middle blocker to attempt to carry out the block in zones 3 and 4, to the detriment of defensive zones (p≤0.001). The 4th study aimed to analyze the movements that can be executed when the player pulls off the net for performing his counterattack. The sample consisted of 1380 actions representing 30 games from the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league on season 2013/2014. We have also reviewed the situations where the middle blocker jumped for becoming an option in a counterattack, where the setter opted to play with the middle blocker and the outcome of the attacks performed. We have determined that there is a relationship between the movements and the outcome of the attack (p≤0.001). The most frequent motion was Perpendicular to the net, but the one that allowed the middle blocker to score more points was the retreat movement Facing the Net. This investigation is consensual regarding the need to consider the anthropometric variables, the functional variables of the tests performed, as well as all the potential results obtained as indicators to be taken into account in the training and specialization of the young Portuguese middle blocker. This is only the beginning of the process that we aim to initiate in a very near future.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Voleibol , Ação , Movimentos , Jogador central , Perfil , Deslocamentos