Análise cinética e cinemática da saída de bloco em natação de atletas deficientes visuais
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2015
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A natação é uma modalidade esportiva mundialmente praticada por
deficientes visuais, que acarreta, entre vários benefícios, a melhoria da capacidade
de orientação e mobilidade e da sociabilização. Como prática de alto rendimento,
esta modalidade, oportuniza o deficiente visual mostrar suas potencialidades.
Devido à sua especificidade, o atleta de natação deficiente visual, reage de forma
distinta aos diferentes estímulos que esta modalidade proporciona. Desta forma,
torna-se pertinente o estudo das diferentes componentes nesta modalidade em
atletas deficientes visuais. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi
investigar a cinética e a cinemática da saída de bloco em natação de atletas
deficientes visuais e correlacionar estas variáveis. Para o efeito foram comparados
os parâmetros de desempenho entre nadadores deficientes visuais (cegos e baixa
visão) e os normovisuais. A amostra foi constituída por 16 atletas, de ambos os
sexos, sendo 4 cegos (2 do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino), 2 atletas com
baixa visão (1 sexo masculino e 1 do sexo feminino), e 10 normovisuais (6 do sexo
masculino e 4 do sexo feminino). Foi efetuada para a análise inferencial através do
teste de Shapiro-Wilk, uma estatística inferencial através de um teste T para
medidas independentes e para correlção entre as variáveis usou-se o teste de
correlação de pearson. Todos os pressupostos de utilização da estatística
paramétrica foram assegurados e o nível de significância foi mantido em 5%. Nos
resultados da variável dinamométrica, nas fases de tempo de bloco, tempo em 5
metros e tempo em 16 metros as diferenças foram significativamente, (p=0,030,
p=0,029 e p=0,001, tempo de bloco, 5 e 16 metros, respetivamente), menores para
os nadadores normovisuais. Na variável cinética, o pico de força resultante dos
nadadores normovisuais foi significativamente, (p=0,024), maior que dos
nadadores deficientes visuais. O ângulo de saída dos nadadores normovisuais foi
também significativamente, (p=0,030), maior que dos nadadores deficientes
visuais. As fases de tempo de reação, tempo de vôo, forças horizontal e vertical,
ângulo de entrada e distância de vôo, não apresentaram diferenças significativas.
Foi observada uma correlação, significativa, entre as variáveis: o tempo de bloco e
o tempo em 5 metros (0,688); o tempo de bloco e o tempo em 16 metros (0,689);
tempo em 5 metros e o tempo em 16 metros (0,928); e o tempo de voo e o ângulo
de saída (0,941). O pico de força apresentou sempre um correlação significativa
com todas as restantes variáveis em estudo com exceção do tempo de reação e o
ângulo entrada. Concluindo que a ausência da visão acarreta defasagem na
performance e nos resultados em provas de natação de alto rendimento em
relação a nadadores normovisuais. Existe uma necessidade de enfatizar as fases
da saída de maneira segmentada dessas variáveis para melhor assimilação do
nadador deficiente visual, principalmente na aplicação da força durante a saída de
bloco, pelo resultado encontrado na correlação do pico de força e as demais
variáveis, através do trabalho direcionado aos membros inferiores, seja ele cego
ou baixa visão, sugerindo que se realizem mais investigações sobre o assunto
para subsidiar os técnicos de deficientes visuais. Além disso, indica-se também um
estudo mais aprofundado na fase de tempo de reação, pois o atleta deficiente
visual manteve-se oscilando na linha de base apresentando grandes ruídos nas
curvas de força.
Swimming is a sport practiced worldwide by the visually impaired, which entails, among many benefits, the improvement of career management skills and mobility and socialization. How high yield practice this mode, favors the visually impaired to show their potential. Due to its specificity, the visually impaired athlete swimming, reacts differently to different stimuli that this mode offers. Thus, it becomes relevant the study of the different components in this mode for visually impaired athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics and kinematics of the block start in swimming visually impaired athletes and correlate these variables. To this end we compared the performance parameters of visually impaired swimmers (blind and low vision) and the sighted. The sample consisted of 16 athletes, of both sexes, being blind 4 (2 male and 2 female), two athletes with low vision (1 male and 1 female), and 10 sighted (6 males and 4 females). It was made for inferential analysis through the Shapiro-Wilk test, an inferential statistics through a T test for independent measures and correlção between variables we used the pearson correlation test. All the conditions of use of parametric statistics were provided and the level of significance was maintained at 5%. The results of the variable torque at the stage of block, time 5 meters and 16 meters long in the differences were significant (p = 0.030, p = 0.029 and p = 0.001, time block, 5 and 16 meters, respectively), lower for sighted swimmers. In kinetic variable, the peak resultant force of the sighted swimmers was significantly (p = 0.024) greater than the visually impaired swimmers. The start angle of the sighted swimmers was also significantly (p = 0.030), higher than the visually impaired swimmers. The stages of reaction time, flight time, horizontal and vertical forces, entry angle and distance of flight, no significant differences. A significant correlation was observed between the variables: time and block time in 5 meters (0.688); the block time and time in 16 metres (0.689); time in 5 meters and time in 16 metres (0.928); and the time of flight and the input angle (0.941). The peak of force always presented a significant correlation with all other variables under study with the exception of the reaction time and the input angle. Concluding that the absence of vision entails lag in performance and results in high performance swimming events regarding sighted swimmers. There is a need to emphasize the phases of the segmented way out of these variables for better assimilation of visually impaired swimmer, especially in the application of force during the block start, the results found in the correlation peak force and the other variables, through work directed to the lower limbs, whether blind or low vision, suggesting that there will be more research on the subject to support the visually impaired technicians. Furthermore, it is also indicates further study the reaction time phase as the visually handicapped player swings remained at baseline noise having large power in curves.
Swimming is a sport practiced worldwide by the visually impaired, which entails, among many benefits, the improvement of career management skills and mobility and socialization. How high yield practice this mode, favors the visually impaired to show their potential. Due to its specificity, the visually impaired athlete swimming, reacts differently to different stimuli that this mode offers. Thus, it becomes relevant the study of the different components in this mode for visually impaired athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics and kinematics of the block start in swimming visually impaired athletes and correlate these variables. To this end we compared the performance parameters of visually impaired swimmers (blind and low vision) and the sighted. The sample consisted of 16 athletes, of both sexes, being blind 4 (2 male and 2 female), two athletes with low vision (1 male and 1 female), and 10 sighted (6 males and 4 females). It was made for inferential analysis through the Shapiro-Wilk test, an inferential statistics through a T test for independent measures and correlção between variables we used the pearson correlation test. All the conditions of use of parametric statistics were provided and the level of significance was maintained at 5%. The results of the variable torque at the stage of block, time 5 meters and 16 meters long in the differences were significant (p = 0.030, p = 0.029 and p = 0.001, time block, 5 and 16 meters, respectively), lower for sighted swimmers. In kinetic variable, the peak resultant force of the sighted swimmers was significantly (p = 0.024) greater than the visually impaired swimmers. The start angle of the sighted swimmers was also significantly (p = 0.030), higher than the visually impaired swimmers. The stages of reaction time, flight time, horizontal and vertical forces, entry angle and distance of flight, no significant differences. A significant correlation was observed between the variables: time and block time in 5 meters (0.688); the block time and time in 16 metres (0.689); time in 5 meters and time in 16 metres (0.928); and the time of flight and the input angle (0.941). The peak of force always presented a significant correlation with all other variables under study with the exception of the reaction time and the input angle. Concluding that the absence of vision entails lag in performance and results in high performance swimming events regarding sighted swimmers. There is a need to emphasize the phases of the segmented way out of these variables for better assimilation of visually impaired swimmer, especially in the application of force during the block start, the results found in the correlation peak force and the other variables, through work directed to the lower limbs, whether blind or low vision, suggesting that there will be more research on the subject to support the visually impaired technicians. Furthermore, it is also indicates further study the reaction time phase as the visually handicapped player swings remained at baseline noise having large power in curves.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Natação , Cegos , Cinemática , Dinâmica , Saída de bloco