Análise da estrutura temporal e ações de jogo no ténis: diferenças na atividade competitiva entre os seniores e os escalões de formação
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2015-11-27
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Ao longo do tempo, o ténis tem sido uma modalidade em constante desenvolvimento. A
investigação científica debruça-se sobre todas as componentes que suportam a sua
atividade. Quando se pretende abordar aspetos relativos à caracterização interna e externa
das necessidades que a modalidade exige, a relatividade surge. Devido à complexa
dinâmica intrínseca à modalidade e à alternância entre momentos de alta intensidade com
momentos de média e baixa intensidade, verificaram-se dificuldades na caracterização da
natureza da sua carga. Perante estes problemas, a avaliação da carga externa, por
intermédio da análise da estrutura temporal, surgiu como um ótimo meio para perceber
quais as necessidades da prática desta modalidade.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a atividade competitiva nos escalões de
sub-10 (vermelho, laranja e verde), bem como os escalões de formação e sénior. Neste
sentido, foram filmados e analisados cinco jogos nos vários escalões que competem no
smashtour (sub-10) e três jogos nos restantes escalões de formação (sub-12, sub-14, sub-
16 e sub-18) e sénior (N=30).
Através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, apresentaram-se os valores em competição, e
obtiveram-se os valores das diferenças estatisticamente significativas, dos seguintes
indicadores temporais para todos os escalões: "Tempo dos Pontos”; “Número de
batimentos”; “Tempo de descanso entre pontos”; “Tempo entre trocas de campo”; “Tempo
entre as trocas de serviço”; “Rácio entre o tempo de atividade e o tempo de descanso”,
Tempo de jogo”, “Tempo de atividade de jogo”, “Tempo de descanso de jogo” e “Número de
pontos”. Mediante a aplicação do teste Mann-Whitney, efetuou-se a comparação entre os
dados dos indicadores temporais avaliados em todos os escalões, estabelecendo-se,
igualmente, a comparação dos valores resultantes entre os diferentes escalões. Foi dado
enfoque aos indicadores “Tempo dos Pontos”, “Número de batimentos” e “Rácio entre o
tempo de atividade/descanso”.
Como conclusões principais, verificou-se o seguinte: existem diferenças estatisticamente
significativas nos indicadores avaliados entre o escalão vermelho e os restantes (p= 0,0016;
0,009; 0,025; 0,025); verificou-se semelhança entre os rácios de atividade/recuperação em
todos os escalões (p= 0,189); no escalão sub-12, no qual é iniciado o contacto com o
material (campos, bolas e raquetes) oficial da modalidade, foram encontrados dados que
nos sugerem que a semelhança dos indicadores avaliados com os outros escalões é menor
(p= 0,025; 0,050); a partir do escalão sub-14, a análise dos indicadores avaliados sugerem
uma elevada semelhança entre os escalões.
Throughout the time, tennis has been a sport in constant development. The scientific research aims on all the different components that are part of this activity. Whenever one intends to make an approach on the several aspects related with internal and external characterization of needs claimed by this sport, there comes the relativity, due to the complex dynamic inherent to it. Due to the complex dynamics intrinsic to the modality and the rotation between moments of high intensity with moments of medium and low intensity, there were difficulties to characterize the nature of its practice load. In face of these problems, the evaluation of the external load, through the analysis of the temporal structure, arise as a great way to understand the needs for the practice of this sport. This review sets as a goal to characterize the competitive activity in under 10 (red, orange and green), as well as senior and junior squads. Thereunto, five matches including the different echalons competing on the smashtour (under 10) and three matches in senior squads (under 12, 14, 16 and 18) and senior were filmed and analysed. Through the Kurskal-Wallis test, the in-competition values were presented and the statistically significant differences were obtained ,of the following time indicators for all steps: "Point duration", "strokes per rally "," Rest time between points "," Time between court changes " , " Time between changeovers ", "Work to rest ratio", “Total play”, “Real play time”, “Resting play time” and “Total points”. Through the application of the Mann Whitney test, the data of the time values collected from all the steps was analyzed, establishing, as well, a comparison of the resulting values from the different steps. Focus was given to the following indicators: "point time", "number of rebounds "and "ratio of play versus rest time". As major conclusions, it was verified that: there are significant statistical differences in the evaluated indicators between the red e all other echalons (p= 0,0016; 0,009; 0,025; 0,025); there is a similarity among work to rest ratio in all echalons (p= 0,189); in the under 12, on which the first contact with official tennis materials (court, balls and rackets) is initiated, data which suggests a less resemblance with other echalons was found (p= 0,025; 0,050); from the under 14, the analysis of the assessed indicators insinuates a high resemblance with other echalons.
Throughout the time, tennis has been a sport in constant development. The scientific research aims on all the different components that are part of this activity. Whenever one intends to make an approach on the several aspects related with internal and external characterization of needs claimed by this sport, there comes the relativity, due to the complex dynamic inherent to it. Due to the complex dynamics intrinsic to the modality and the rotation between moments of high intensity with moments of medium and low intensity, there were difficulties to characterize the nature of its practice load. In face of these problems, the evaluation of the external load, through the analysis of the temporal structure, arise as a great way to understand the needs for the practice of this sport. This review sets as a goal to characterize the competitive activity in under 10 (red, orange and green), as well as senior and junior squads. Thereunto, five matches including the different echalons competing on the smashtour (under 10) and three matches in senior squads (under 12, 14, 16 and 18) and senior were filmed and analysed. Through the Kurskal-Wallis test, the in-competition values were presented and the statistically significant differences were obtained ,of the following time indicators for all steps: "Point duration", "strokes per rally "," Rest time between points "," Time between court changes " , " Time between changeovers ", "Work to rest ratio", “Total play”, “Real play time”, “Resting play time” and “Total points”. Through the application of the Mann Whitney test, the data of the time values collected from all the steps was analyzed, establishing, as well, a comparison of the resulting values from the different steps. Focus was given to the following indicators: "point time", "number of rebounds "and "ratio of play versus rest time". As major conclusions, it was verified that: there are significant statistical differences in the evaluated indicators between the red e all other echalons (p= 0,0016; 0,009; 0,025; 0,025); there is a similarity among work to rest ratio in all echalons (p= 0,189); in the under 12, on which the first contact with official tennis materials (court, balls and rackets) is initiated, data which suggests a less resemblance with other echalons was found (p= 0,025; 0,050); from the under 14, the analysis of the assessed indicators insinuates a high resemblance with other echalons.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Ténis , Técnica , Adaptação material , Estrutura temporal