Efeitos da utilização dos ácidos fórmico e/ou propiónico na água de bebida sobre as performances e caraterísticas digestivas de coelhos em crescimento
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2014
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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração de ácidos orgânicos (ácido fórmico e/ou propiónico) na água de bebida sobre as performances produtivas e caraterísticas digestivas de coelhos durante a fase de engorda. Neste estudo foram controlados 156 coelhos, de ambos os sexos, divididos por dois grupos alojados em salas diferentes. No ensaio I (sala 1), foram controlados 108 coelhos entre o desmame (37d) e o abate (69d), que foram alojados em grupos de 3 por jaula e distribuídos por quatro tratamentos, com 9 jaulas cada (27 coelhos por tratamento). No ensaio II (sala 2), foram controlados 48 animais dos 37d aos 48d, alojados em grupos de 2 e sujeitos aos mesmos tratamentos (6 jaulas e 12 coelhos por tratamento) que foram abatidos (10 animais por tratamento) para estudar as caraterísticas do trato digestivo. Nos dois ensaios, foram utilizados os 4 tratamentos seguintes; no grupo controlo (C) não foi adicionada qualquer substância à água de bebida, no grupo F foi adicionado ácido fórmico (1,5g de ácido/L água), no grupo P foi usado o ácido propiónico (0,5 g de ácido/L água) e o grupo FP recebeu os dois ácidos nas mesmas concentrações anteriormente referidas. Os tratamentos foram aplicados durante todo o período de estudo, sendo a água e o alimento disponibilizados sem restrições. O alimento usado foi formulado para suprir as necessidades dos animais nesta fase e era isento de qualquer substância medicamentosa. Nos animais do ensaio I, foram controlados semanalmente o peso vivo, a ingestão de alimento e a morbilidade dos animais. No ensaio II, nos coelhos abatidos aos 48 dias, foram efetuadas medições do desenvolvimento do tubo digestivo e retiradas amostras do conteúdo cecal para determinar a concentração cecal de AGV e recolhida a parte terminal do íleo para estudo da morfometria das vilosidades.
O peso vivo foi semelhante (P> 0,05) em todos os tratamentos ao longo do ensaio, variando o peso final entre 2501 e 2585 g. No período total de engorda não se observaram diferenças significativas no ganho médio diário (GMD), que variou entre os 44,3 e 46,3 g/d e na ingestão média diária de alimento (IMD) com variação entre 149 e 158 g/d. A eficiência alimentar global foi também semelhante (P> 0,05) em todos os tratamentos (cerca de 0,31) e a ingestão de água também não diferiu. Durante a engorda não foram registados casos de mortalidade ou de morbilidade. No desenvolvimento dos órgãos digestivos, observamos que os pesos absolutos do ID, do ceco com e sem conteúdos digestivos e do conteúdo cecal fresco e seco, foram superiores (P<0,05) nos coelhos suplementados com ácido propiónico em relação aos que receberam a mistura dos dois (92,9 vs. 71,3g para o ID); 113,3 vs. 93,4g para ceco cheio e 15,7g vs. 12,8g para conteúdo cecal seco). Contudo essa diferença desaparece quando se expressam os valores em relação ao peso vivo do animal. O comprimento dos órgãos digestivos, o pH do conteúdo digestivo, a concentração de AGV e a morfometria ileal não diferiram entre tratamentos.
Neste trabalho, da suplementação da água de bebida com ácidos orgânicos não resultou qualquer benefício significativo nas performances dos coelhos durante a engorda. Será importante realizar o trabalho em condições de desafio sanitário e com um maior número de animais, para averiguar o efeito dos ácidos orgânicos nessa situação.
The main objective of the present study was to access the effect of adding organic acids (formic and/or propionic acids) to drinking water, on the productive performances and digestive characteristics of rabbits. During this study were used 156 animals of both sexes, divided into two groups in separate rooms. The first trial consisted of 108 rabbits (room 1), divided into groups of 3 animals per cage and 9 cages per treatment, in a total of 27 animals. The second trial (room 2), consisted in the control of 48 animals, divided into groups of 2 rabbits per cage, in a total of 6 cages and 12 rabbits per treatment. In this trial 10 animals from each treatment were then chosen and slaughtered to study the effects produced on digestive characteristics. In both rooms, 4 treatments were used: a control group (C) were no organic acid was added to drinking water, group F, were formic acid was added (1,5g of acid/L water), group P, were 0,5g/L of propionic acid was added and group FP were both organic acids were added in the same concentrations already referred. Animals were subjected to the same treatment from weaning (day 37) to slaughter (day 69) and food and water were provided ad libitum. The diet used was formulated in order to cover all nutritional requirements during the experiment and no medication was added. In trial 1, live weight, feed intake and morbidity were registered on a weekly basis. Measurements of digestive tract (ID) and samples for cecal VFA concentration and ileum morphometric measurements were taken from rabbits slaughtered at day 48. Live weight was similar in all treatments throughout trial 1, having reached values from 2501g to 2585g (P > 0,05). No significant differences were observed in average daily gain (44,3 – 46,3 g/day) and daily average feed intake (149 – 158 g/day). Feed efficiency was similar in all treatments (P> 0,05), reaching 0,31. The same results were observed for water ingestion. No cases of morbidity or mortality were registered during the experiment. In relation to ID weight, full caecum, fresh and dried caecum content and empty caecum weight higher values were observed when rabbits had been submitted to treatments with propionic acid, relatively to those submitted to treatments with both organic acids (92,9g vs 71,3g for ID; 113,3g vs 93,4g for full caecum and 15,7g vs 12,8g for dry caecum content). However, these differences disappear when values are expressed relatively to live body weight. The total length of the digestive organs, VFA concentration and ileum measurements also do not differ between treatments. In conclusion, in this work, the addition of organic acids to drinking water did not result in a significant improvement of animal performances. It would be useful to access the effect of these treatments in sanitary deficient condition, using a larger number of animals.
The main objective of the present study was to access the effect of adding organic acids (formic and/or propionic acids) to drinking water, on the productive performances and digestive characteristics of rabbits. During this study were used 156 animals of both sexes, divided into two groups in separate rooms. The first trial consisted of 108 rabbits (room 1), divided into groups of 3 animals per cage and 9 cages per treatment, in a total of 27 animals. The second trial (room 2), consisted in the control of 48 animals, divided into groups of 2 rabbits per cage, in a total of 6 cages and 12 rabbits per treatment. In this trial 10 animals from each treatment were then chosen and slaughtered to study the effects produced on digestive characteristics. In both rooms, 4 treatments were used: a control group (C) were no organic acid was added to drinking water, group F, were formic acid was added (1,5g of acid/L water), group P, were 0,5g/L of propionic acid was added and group FP were both organic acids were added in the same concentrations already referred. Animals were subjected to the same treatment from weaning (day 37) to slaughter (day 69) and food and water were provided ad libitum. The diet used was formulated in order to cover all nutritional requirements during the experiment and no medication was added. In trial 1, live weight, feed intake and morbidity were registered on a weekly basis. Measurements of digestive tract (ID) and samples for cecal VFA concentration and ileum morphometric measurements were taken from rabbits slaughtered at day 48. Live weight was similar in all treatments throughout trial 1, having reached values from 2501g to 2585g (P > 0,05). No significant differences were observed in average daily gain (44,3 – 46,3 g/day) and daily average feed intake (149 – 158 g/day). Feed efficiency was similar in all treatments (P> 0,05), reaching 0,31. The same results were observed for water ingestion. No cases of morbidity or mortality were registered during the experiment. In relation to ID weight, full caecum, fresh and dried caecum content and empty caecum weight higher values were observed when rabbits had been submitted to treatments with propionic acid, relatively to those submitted to treatments with both organic acids (92,9g vs 71,3g for ID; 113,3g vs 93,4g for full caecum and 15,7g vs 12,8g for dry caecum content). However, these differences disappear when values are expressed relatively to live body weight. The total length of the digestive organs, VFA concentration and ileum measurements also do not differ between treatments. In conclusion, in this work, the addition of organic acids to drinking water did not result in a significant improvement of animal performances. It would be useful to access the effect of these treatments in sanitary deficient condition, using a larger number of animals.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
Coelhos , Ácidos orgânicos , Performances de crescimento , Vilosidades