Actividade Física no Recreio Escolar e a sua Relação com a Obesidade
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2010
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A prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade tem aumentado em todo o mundo e está a tornar-se um dos maiores problemas de saúde na sociedade, tanto nos países desenvolvidos como nos que se encontram em desenvolvimento (Popkin & Doak, 1998). A actividade física é considerada uma componente importante na adopção de um estilo de vida saudável, assim como preventivo de múltiplas doenças e morte prematura, com benefícios presentes na infância e adolescência e durante o estado adulto (Andersen, et al., 1999). No âmbito da promoção da actividade física em crianças e jovens, o recreio tem sido referido por entidades no domínio da saúde pública, como um contexto importante, sendo uma excelente oportunidade de promoção da actividade física, bem como, uma oportunidade de acumular actividade física ao longo do dia (Mota, et al., 2005).
Esta investigação tem como objectivo geral, verificar se existe uma relação entre a duração e a frequência das habilidades motoras realizadas no recreio escolar e a prevalência de obesidade em crianças do 1º C.E.B. Pretendemos ainda comparar a duração e frequência das habilidades motoras realizadas pelos alunos do 1º C.E.B. no recreio escolar, segundo o género, a prevalência de obesidade e nos três dias de observação. Foi também nosso objectivo, verificar se existe relação da duração e frequência das habilidades motoras realizadas no recreio escolar com o IMC e % de Massa Gorda em crianças do 1º C.E.B.
O paradigma que serviu de base a esta investigação foi o quasi-experimental, sendo a amostra constituída por 30 crianças (16 rapazes e 14 raparigas), com idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 10 anos (8.09±1.15). Foi utilizado um software “LongoMatch 0.15” para análise da frequência e duração das habilidades motoras gravadas em vídeo, em três dias de observação distintos. A prevalência de obesidade foi classificada de acordo com os valores de corte de Cole et al. (2000). Os procedimentos estatísticos utilizados foram o t-teste na comparação de grupos e a Anova de Medidas Repetidas para comparar as variáveis dependentes nos três momentos de avaliação. Usou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) para a verificação da fiabilidade das observações efectuadas e do grau de associação entre as variáveis.
Dos resultados obtidos verificámos que as crianças se caracterizam por possuírem valores normais de % de Massa Gorda. Das 30 crianças avaliadas, 36.7% tem excesso de peso ou obesidade. As crianças passam maioritariamente o seu tempo do recreio escolar em actividades sedentárias, em detrimento de actividades mais vigorosas. Os rapazes realizam mais vezes e despendem mais tempo com actividades que envolvam maior gasto energético, comparativamente às raparigas que passam grande parte do tempo em actividades sedentárias e com reduzido transporte do corpo. As crianças normoponderais permanecem mais tempo em actividades que exijam maior dispêndio energético. As crianças obesas caracterizam-se por serem passivas, permanecendo mais tempo em pé paradas. No início da semana, as crianças evidenciam habilidades motoras que implicam níveis de actividade física mais baixos e valores mais elevados a meio da semana, em habilidades mais dinâmicas. Verificou-se que as crianças que caminham e correm mais no recreio têm valores de IMC inferiores, e quem corre mais apresenta menor % de Massa Gorda.
Em suma, as crianças menos activas no recreio escolar tendem a ser mais obesas.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased among the world and is becoming one of biggest problems in health society, both in developed and developing countries (Popkin & Doak, 1998). Physical activity is considered an important component in adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as well as prevention of multiple diseases and premature death, with benefits in childhood and adolescence and during the adult state (Andersen, et al., 1999). Under the promotion of physical activity in children and young people, leisure activity has been reported by public health authorities as an important context. It is an excellent opportunity to promote physical activity as well as an opportunity to accumulate physical activity throughout the day (Mota, et al., 2005). The main propose of this research is verify if there is any relationship between length and frequency of motor skills performed in the school playground and the prevalence of obesity in children from an elementary school. We also plan to compare the length and frequency of motor skills performed by students of an elementary school in the school playground, according to gender, prevalence of obesity and in three days of observation. It was also our objective to verify whether there is relationship between the length and frequency of motor skills performed in the school playground with BMI and % of Fat Mass in children from an elementary school. The paradigm that formed the basis of this investigation was quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 30 children (16 boys and 14 girls), aged 6 to 10 years (08.09 ± 1.15). We used a software “LongoMatch 0.15” to analyze the frequency and length of motor skills videotaped on three separate days of observation. The prevalence of obesity was classified according to cut-off values of (Cole, Bellizzi, Flegal, & Dietz, 2000). The statistical procedures used were the t-test for comparing groups and ANOVA for repeated measures to compare the dependent variables in the three periods. We used the Pearson (r) correlation coefficient for checking the reliability of the observations made and the degree of association between variables. From our results we verify that children are characterized by having normal values in % of Fat Mass. Of the 30 children assessed, 36.7% are overweight or obese. Children spend the majority of its school recess time in sedentary activities, rather than vigorous activity. The boys perform more often and spend more time with activities involving increased energy spending, compared to girls who spend more time in sedentary activities and reduced transport of the body. Normal weight children stay longer in activities that require greater energy expenditure. Obese children are characterized by being passive, staying more time standing still. In the beginning of the week, the children demonstrate motor skills that involve lower physical activity levels and higher values in midweek, in more dynamic skills. It was found that children who walk and run more in the playground have lower BMI values, and who runs more shows lower % of Fat Mass. In conclusion, children less active in the playground, tend to be more obese.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased among the world and is becoming one of biggest problems in health society, both in developed and developing countries (Popkin & Doak, 1998). Physical activity is considered an important component in adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as well as prevention of multiple diseases and premature death, with benefits in childhood and adolescence and during the adult state (Andersen, et al., 1999). Under the promotion of physical activity in children and young people, leisure activity has been reported by public health authorities as an important context. It is an excellent opportunity to promote physical activity as well as an opportunity to accumulate physical activity throughout the day (Mota, et al., 2005). The main propose of this research is verify if there is any relationship between length and frequency of motor skills performed in the school playground and the prevalence of obesity in children from an elementary school. We also plan to compare the length and frequency of motor skills performed by students of an elementary school in the school playground, according to gender, prevalence of obesity and in three days of observation. It was also our objective to verify whether there is relationship between the length and frequency of motor skills performed in the school playground with BMI and % of Fat Mass in children from an elementary school. The paradigm that formed the basis of this investigation was quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 30 children (16 boys and 14 girls), aged 6 to 10 years (08.09 ± 1.15). We used a software “LongoMatch 0.15” to analyze the frequency and length of motor skills videotaped on three separate days of observation. The prevalence of obesity was classified according to cut-off values of (Cole, Bellizzi, Flegal, & Dietz, 2000). The statistical procedures used were the t-test for comparing groups and ANOVA for repeated measures to compare the dependent variables in the three periods. We used the Pearson (r) correlation coefficient for checking the reliability of the observations made and the degree of association between variables. From our results we verify that children are characterized by having normal values in % of Fat Mass. Of the 30 children assessed, 36.7% are overweight or obese. Children spend the majority of its school recess time in sedentary activities, rather than vigorous activity. The boys perform more often and spend more time with activities involving increased energy spending, compared to girls who spend more time in sedentary activities and reduced transport of the body. Normal weight children stay longer in activities that require greater energy expenditure. Obese children are characterized by being passive, staying more time standing still. In the beginning of the week, the children demonstrate motor skills that involve lower physical activity levels and higher values in midweek, in more dynamic skills. It was found that children who walk and run more in the playground have lower BMI values, and who runs more shows lower % of Fat Mass. In conclusion, children less active in the playground, tend to be more obese.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física, Área de Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança
Palavras-chave
Excesso de Peso , Obesidade , Actividade Física , Sedentarismo , Recreio Escolar