Fatores associados ao (in)sucesso de iniciativas locais de emprego criadas entre 2003 e 2007
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2016-01-14
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O crescimento do desemprego tem potenciado o surgimento de cada vez mais empreendedores. Neste contexto, a promoção das políticas ativas de emprego diretamente relacionadas com o fomento do empreendedorismo tem ganho relevo.
Em Portugal, a principal modalidade de incentivo à criação do próprio emprego denominou-se Iniciativa Local de Emprego. Durante o seu período de vigência (2001-2009) esta modalidade de apoio foi responsável pela criação de unidades de pequena dimensão geradas por milhares de desempregados. Contudo, nem todos os empreendedores foram bem sucedidos na sua opção empresarial.
O presente trabalho, através de uma abordagem qualitativa, pretende identificar fatores associados ao sucesso/insucesso das iniciativas apoiadas no período compreendido entre 2003/2007, assim como as suas diferenças.
Para tal, foram utilizadas amostras não probabilísticas, escolhidas intencionalmente e por conveniência. Foram entrevistados 12 empreendedores da cidade do Porto, que viram os seus negócios apoiados no âmbito da referida medida, utilizando-se as entrevistas individuais em profundidade semiestruturadas como instrumento de pesquisa. Foram selecionadas variáveis que tiveram em consideração as características dos empreendedores (género, idade, experiência profissional, habilitações literárias, motivações, etc.) e dos próprios negócios (setor de atividade, número de postos de trabalho, capital inicial investido, etc.), bem como da relação promotor/IEFP.
Os principais resultados deste estudo vão de encontro ao descrito na literatura, sugerindo a importância de fatores como a experiência profissional e conhecimentos na área de negócio. Por se tratar de uma temática pouco explorada em anteriores estudos, salientamos as motivações e as razões que levam os promotores a empreender.
Consideramos que este trabalho poderá contribuir para o “desenho” de futuros programas de apoio ao empreendedorismo, permitindo uma afetação mais eficiente dos recursos públicos e o surgimento de mais e melhores empreendedores.
The increase in unemployment has boosted the emergence of more and more entrepreneurs. In this context, the promotion of active employment policies directly related to the promotion of entrepreneurship has gained importance. In Portugal, the main mode of encouraging self-employment was named Local Employment Initiative. During its existence period (2001-2009) this type of support was responsible for the creation of small units which have been generated by thousands of unemployed. However, not all entrepreneurs have been successful in their business option. This paper, through a qualitative approach, aims to identify factors associated to the success / failure of the initiatives supported in the period 2003/2007, as well as their differences. In order to do that, non probabilistic samples, which were chosen intentionally and for convenience, were used 12 entrepreneurs of the city of Porto, whose business has been supported by this measure, were interviewed, using as a research tool in-depth semi-structured interviews. The selected variables had into account the characteristics of the entrepreneurs (gender, age, professional experience, qualifications, motivations, etc.) and of their own business (sector of activity, number of jobs, the initial capital invested, etc.) as well as the relationship with the promoter/IEFP. The main results of this study are in agreement with what is described in the literature, suggesting the importance of factors such as professional experience and knowledge in business. As it is a little explored topic in previous studies, we emphasize the motivations and reasons which led prosecutors to undertake. We believe that this work can contribute to the "drawing" of future programs to support entrepreneurship allowing a more efficient allocation of public resources, and the emergence of more and better entrepreneurs.
The increase in unemployment has boosted the emergence of more and more entrepreneurs. In this context, the promotion of active employment policies directly related to the promotion of entrepreneurship has gained importance. In Portugal, the main mode of encouraging self-employment was named Local Employment Initiative. During its existence period (2001-2009) this type of support was responsible for the creation of small units which have been generated by thousands of unemployed. However, not all entrepreneurs have been successful in their business option. This paper, through a qualitative approach, aims to identify factors associated to the success / failure of the initiatives supported in the period 2003/2007, as well as their differences. In order to do that, non probabilistic samples, which were chosen intentionally and for convenience, were used 12 entrepreneurs of the city of Porto, whose business has been supported by this measure, were interviewed, using as a research tool in-depth semi-structured interviews. The selected variables had into account the characteristics of the entrepreneurs (gender, age, professional experience, qualifications, motivations, etc.) and of their own business (sector of activity, number of jobs, the initial capital invested, etc.) as well as the relationship with the promoter/IEFP. The main results of this study are in agreement with what is described in the literature, suggesting the importance of factors such as professional experience and knowledge in business. As it is a little explored topic in previous studies, we emphasize the motivations and reasons which led prosecutors to undertake. We believe that this work can contribute to the "drawing" of future programs to support entrepreneurship allowing a more efficient allocation of public resources, and the emergence of more and better entrepreneurs.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Empreendedorismo
Palavras-chave
Empreendedorismo , Criação de emprego , Sucesso nos negócios , Insucesso nos negócios , Programas de apoio ao emprego