Hábitos Alimentares, Ocupação dos Tempos Livres, Imagem Corporal e Obesidade em Crianças do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
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2010
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A obesidade tem sido considerada como um dos grandes problemas da saúde pública em todo o mundo, cuja prevalência aumenta particularmente nas crianças e adolescentes. O ambiente e os estilos de vida estão continuamente a ser alterados, e desempenham um papel preponderante na obesidade. O tipo de alimentação, a prática desportiva e os comportamentos sedentários são factores determinantes quando falamos em obesidade. Desta forma, este estudo tem como objectivo comparar os hábitos alimentares, ocupação dos tempos livres e a imagem corporal de crianças obesas e não obesas, e em função do género e prática desportiva.
A nossa amostra é constituída por 310 crianças, 163 do sexo masculino e 147 do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre 6 e 10 anos (8,63 ±1,14). Para a recolha de dados, relativamente aos hábitos alimentares, ocupação dos tempos livres e imagem corporal, foi utilizado um questionário, baseado num questionário on-line e já utilizado em vários estudos no âmbito do projecto de Estratégias Locais de Saude (ELSa). Para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foram recolhidos o peso e a altura.
Como resultados do nosso estudo e relativamente à prevalência da obesidade, concluímos que apenas existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto à Imagem Corporal Percepcionada e à Insatisfação da Imagem Corporal. O grupo normoponderal percepciona-se como mais magros e reflectem mais insatisfação por serem magros, enquanto o grupo obeso (sobrepeso e obeso) percepciona-se como mais gordo e reflectem mais insatisfação por serem gordos. Relativamente aos níveis de prática desportiva, verificamos que apenas existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto às actividades de ocupação de tempos livres, sendo estas, jogar jogos electrónicos durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana, utilizar a internet durante a semana e ao fim-de-semana, estudar durante a semana e brincar durante a semana. Em todas estas variáveis, os valores mais elevados são das crianças que praticam prática desportiva todos os dias, preferindo actividades mais sedentárias. Relativamente ao género os resultados demonstram que são os rapazes que ingerem mais bebidas alcoólicas, jogam mais jogos electrónicos à semana e ao fim-de-semana; mas, são as meninas que estudam mais durante o fim-de-semana. Apenas se verificou uma associação positiva entre o IMC a Imagem Corporal Percepcionada e a Insatisfação com a Imagem Corporal.
Face a estes resultados torna-se urgente actuar sobre estes comportamentos e estilos de vida, que mais contribuem para o excesso de peso e obesidade das crianças e jovens, de forma a mudar o rumo destas tendências.
Obesity has been considered worldwide as one of the biggest public health problems whose prevalence is particularly rising among children and adolescents. The environment and life styles are always changing, and play a major role in obesity. The type of diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior are critical factors when it comes to obesity. Thus, this study aims to analyze and determine the variables of lifestyle that differ from non-obese and obese children, gender and level of physical activity practiced. Thus the following variables were selected for this study: dietary habits, leisure activities, perceived body image and body image dissatisfaction. Our sample is composed by 310 children, being 163 male and 147 female, aged between 6 and 10 years old. The minimal age is 6,51 years old and the maximal age is 10,92, being the average 8,63 (±1,14) years old. For data collection, a questionnaire was used, based on a questionnaire online and already used in several studies under the project of local health strategies (ELSa). For the assessment of body composition were collected anthropometric data, weight and height to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). The results of our study and for the prevalence of obesity, we conclude that there are only statistically significant differences in the Perceived Body Image and Body Image Dissatisfaction. Thin and normal-weight group perceives itself as leaner and reflect more dissatisfaction because they are thin, while overweight and obese groups perceive themselves as fatter and reflect more dissatisfaction for being fat. For the levels of physical activity practiced, we find that there are only statistically significant differences in leisure activities, and these are, playing electronic games during the week and weekend, using the internet during the week and weekend, studying during the week and playing during the week. In all these variables, the values are higher for children who do physical activity regulated every day, preferring these more sedentary activities. With regard to gender (male and female), we can see that there are significant differences on drinking alcohol, playing electronic games during the week and the weekend and study in the weekend. These are the guys who drink more alcohol, play more electronic games at week and the weekend, but the girls are studying more on weekend. As for the associations made with BMI, there was only a positive association between Perceived Body Image and Body Image Dissatisfaction. As BMI increases, also increases the perceived body image and body image dissatisfaction either. Based on these results it is urgent to act on these behaviors and lifestyles, which contribute to have most overweight and obese children, in order to change the direction of these trends.
Obesity has been considered worldwide as one of the biggest public health problems whose prevalence is particularly rising among children and adolescents. The environment and life styles are always changing, and play a major role in obesity. The type of diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior are critical factors when it comes to obesity. Thus, this study aims to analyze and determine the variables of lifestyle that differ from non-obese and obese children, gender and level of physical activity practiced. Thus the following variables were selected for this study: dietary habits, leisure activities, perceived body image and body image dissatisfaction. Our sample is composed by 310 children, being 163 male and 147 female, aged between 6 and 10 years old. The minimal age is 6,51 years old and the maximal age is 10,92, being the average 8,63 (±1,14) years old. For data collection, a questionnaire was used, based on a questionnaire online and already used in several studies under the project of local health strategies (ELSa). For the assessment of body composition were collected anthropometric data, weight and height to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). The results of our study and for the prevalence of obesity, we conclude that there are only statistically significant differences in the Perceived Body Image and Body Image Dissatisfaction. Thin and normal-weight group perceives itself as leaner and reflect more dissatisfaction because they are thin, while overweight and obese groups perceive themselves as fatter and reflect more dissatisfaction for being fat. For the levels of physical activity practiced, we find that there are only statistically significant differences in leisure activities, and these are, playing electronic games during the week and weekend, using the internet during the week and weekend, studying during the week and playing during the week. In all these variables, the values are higher for children who do physical activity regulated every day, preferring these more sedentary activities. With regard to gender (male and female), we can see that there are significant differences on drinking alcohol, playing electronic games during the week and the weekend and study in the weekend. These are the guys who drink more alcohol, play more electronic games at week and the weekend, but the girls are studying more on weekend. As for the associations made with BMI, there was only a positive association between Perceived Body Image and Body Image Dissatisfaction. As BMI increases, also increases the perceived body image and body image dissatisfaction either. Based on these results it is urgent to act on these behaviors and lifestyles, which contribute to have most overweight and obese children, in order to change the direction of these trends.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física e Desporto – Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança