Obstrução mecânica do intestino delgado em cães: abordagem integral do diagnóstico até à cirurgia: estudo de casos
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2016-04-06
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No presente estudo, o objeto de análise foram os cães que se apresentaram à consulta num período de três anos, no Hospital Veterinário Abros e na Clínica Veterinária de Santana, com sinais de doença gastrointestinal, os quais, através dos vários métodos de diagnóstico, seja pelo exame físico, alterações sanguíneas, provas imagiológicas ou por laparotomia exploratória, foram diagnosticados com obstrução intestinal mecânica. Optou-se por uma análise de natureza quantitativa, com recolha de dados quer através da consulta de fichas clínicas quer presencialmente, assistindo ao desenrolar do processo. Os dados foram tratados através do programa Excel 2010 para Windows 7, numa análise estatística simples, com aplicação de médias, relações entre parâmetros e conversão em percentagem e foram expostos em formato de gráfico.
Para introduzir o tema, procedeu-se a uma revisão da literatura, tentando recorrer, sempre que possível, a bibliografia recente, com intuito de clarificar conceitos e, também, para servir como termo de comparação com o presente estudo desenvolvido.
Os objetivos gerais desta análise foram avaliar a ocorrência de obstrução intestinal mecânica em cães e acompanhar todo o desenvolvimento do caso clínico, desde o desafio que é diagnosticar a doença obstrutiva até ao seu solucionamento por métodos cirúrgicos.
Com este estudo concluiu-se, em termos gerais, que a obstrução surge em idade e sexo diferentes, consoante a causa, manifestando-se através de sinais clínicos pouco específicos. São várias as alterações radiológicas e ecográficas, no entanto o diagnóstico definitivo é feito, na maioria das vezes, por laparotomia exploratória. O tratamento desta afeção intestinal é, essencialmente, cirúrgico, variando a eleição da técnica com a causa da obstrução. Verificou-se, também, que o prognóstico vai depender, em muito, do tipo de obstrução, das lesões causadas a nível intestinal e das complicações provenientes da técnica cirúrgica.
For the present study, the objects of analysis were the dogs that were submitted for consultation during a three year period in Abros Veterinary Hospital and in Santana Veterinary Clinic. These animals showed signs of gastrointestinal disease and, through the several methods of diagnosis, whether by physical exam, blood changes, imaging evidence or exploratory laparotomy, were diagnosed with mechanical intestinal obstruction. An analysis of a quantitative nature was chosen, with data collection either through the consultation of medical charts, or of the animal itself, monitoring the evolution of the process. The data were processed on Excel 2010 for Windows 7, on a simple statistical analysis, with the use of averages, relationship between parameters and conversion in percentages, and were presented in the form of graphs. To introduce the theme, a revision of literature was made, using, whenever possible, recent bibliography, with the purpose of clarifying concepts and comparing it to the study in progress. The general objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the occurrence of mechanical intestinal obstruction in dogs and to accompany the development of the whole clinical case, from the challenge of diagnosing the obstructive pathology to its solving through surgical methods. With this study the conclusion is reached that, in general, the obstruction appears in different ages and different genders, according to its cause, and it expresses itself through unspecific clinical signs. There are several X-ray and ultrasound findings; however, the diagnosis is made, most times, through exploratory laparotomy. The treatment for this intestinal impairment is, essentially, surgical, varying the choice of technique according to the cause of the obstruction. Another finding is that the prognosis will depend, on a large scale, on the type of obstruction, on the damage caused at the intestinal level and on the complications that may occur due to the surgical technique used.
For the present study, the objects of analysis were the dogs that were submitted for consultation during a three year period in Abros Veterinary Hospital and in Santana Veterinary Clinic. These animals showed signs of gastrointestinal disease and, through the several methods of diagnosis, whether by physical exam, blood changes, imaging evidence or exploratory laparotomy, were diagnosed with mechanical intestinal obstruction. An analysis of a quantitative nature was chosen, with data collection either through the consultation of medical charts, or of the animal itself, monitoring the evolution of the process. The data were processed on Excel 2010 for Windows 7, on a simple statistical analysis, with the use of averages, relationship between parameters and conversion in percentages, and were presented in the form of graphs. To introduce the theme, a revision of literature was made, using, whenever possible, recent bibliography, with the purpose of clarifying concepts and comparing it to the study in progress. The general objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the occurrence of mechanical intestinal obstruction in dogs and to accompany the development of the whole clinical case, from the challenge of diagnosing the obstructive pathology to its solving through surgical methods. With this study the conclusion is reached that, in general, the obstruction appears in different ages and different genders, according to its cause, and it expresses itself through unspecific clinical signs. There are several X-ray and ultrasound findings; however, the diagnosis is made, most times, through exploratory laparotomy. The treatment for this intestinal impairment is, essentially, surgical, varying the choice of technique according to the cause of the obstruction. Another finding is that the prognosis will depend, on a large scale, on the type of obstruction, on the damage caused at the intestinal level and on the complications that may occur due to the surgical technique used.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cães , Obstrução intestinal , Diagnóstico , Cirurgia