Para uma abordagem linguística da obra narrativa de António Lobo Antunes publicada entre 1979 e 2012
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2016-04-27
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O presente trabalho científico centra-se na consubstanciação de um objectivo central: o estudo das estratégias linguísticas típicas e específicas da obra narrativa completa (romances, crónicas e conto) de António Lobo Antunes, desde 1979 a 2012.
Assim sendo, optámos por organizar o estudo das obras antunianas por meio da selecção de três tipos de “corpora” linguísticos: lexical, sintáctico e textual / discursivo, por percebermos que eles ilustravam comportamentos padronizados.
Quanto ao Léxico (Parte I), socorremo-nos de contributos lexicais de autores como Coseriu (Coseriu 1976), Picoche (Picoche 1977), Vilela (Vilela 1994 / 1995 / 2002), Lehman e Martin-Berthet (Lehman e Martin-Berthet1998), Melchuk (Melchuk 1995), entre outros. Posto isto, foi-nos possível registar estratégias lexicais reveladoras de manutenção de referência, bem como de coesão. A saber: referentes de animais (fauna antuniana) que acompanham o macrotexto, registos de língua, jogos de paródia e citação de itens lexicais pertencentes a outros contextos linguísticos, bem como manuseamento de léxico angolano ou sobre Angola (que tornou possível elaborar itinerários por onde as personagens antunianas se movimentam) e, por fim, técnicas de corte gráfico de item lexical.
Relativamente à Sintaxe (Parte II), e servindo-nos, fundamentalmente, de pressupostos sintácticos generativistas (Parte II) (Matos 1992 e 2003) e funcionalistas (Gutièrrez 1999), procedemos ao registo de construção de frases que Lobo Antunes manuseia com recurso a elipses predicativas (designadamente a elipse lacunar). Pela análise do respectivo “corpus”, elencámos as estratégias que não só dão conta da tipologia de elipse, mas também criam contextos favoráveis à sua legitimação, isto é, à recuperação dos verbos omissos.
No que concerna o Texto / Discurso (Parte III), e servindo-nos de conhecimentos práticos registados nas Partes anteriores, demonstrámos os meios textuais / discursivos seleccionados pelo escritor que não só mostram haver coesão macrotextual, como também microtextual (ou seja, nos discursos de cada personagem / enunciador). Tendo em consideração Joaquim Fonseca (Fonseca 1992, 1994 e 2004), percebemos que o conceito de heterogeneidade discursiva ou interdiscursividade (discursos de outros ou discursos de um enunciador primeiro desdobrado em outros, para reformulação / questionação do dito / escrito, por exemplo) explicava tais padrões antunianos e especificava a consubstanciação da polifonia; por outro lado, a noção enunciativa de “fragmentaridade” (Fernanda Irene Fonseca 1992, 1994) permitiu-nos dar conta de estratégias deícticas (sobretudo de ancoragem temporal e pessoal) que corroboram a nossa teoria da unidade e coesão (Duarte 2003; Silva 2005) que enforma o todo textual antuniano, quer à superfície discursiva, quer em profundidade.
This project focuses on one major aim: to study the linguistic strategies typical of the narrative texts of Portuguese writer António Lobo Antunes (namely novels, chronicles and a short story), from 1979 to 2012. As far as our aim is concerned, we have organized the analysis of Lobo Antunes’ texts into three Parts, each one with its corpus: Part I (Lexicon), Part II (Syntax) and Part III (Text / Discourse), which has led us to the linguistics patterns that will be shown throughout our work. In order to be able to analyse the corpus from Part I, we followed theoretical proposals from authors such as Coseriu (Coseriu 1976), Picoche (Picoche 1977), Vilela (Vilela 1994 / 1995 / 2002), Lehman and Martin-Berthet (Lehman and Martin-Berthet1998), Melchuk (Melchuk 1995), among others. Thus, it was possible to explain some lexical strategies that reveal the presence of constant chains of reference and allow the author to ensure cohesion. Here are some patterns we have been able to consider: items referring to animals (that are the same from 1979 to 2012), specific registers, parody and quotation from famous texts or contexts and finally lexical items taken from some of the oral languages of Angola (mainly word of geographical places) and finally examples of how the author cuts words in an unexpected way. Concerning Syntax, we took advantage of two sintactic perspectives: Generative grammar (Matos 1992 and 2003) and Functional grammar (Gutièrrez 1999). This way we were able to list some of the strategies that are so typical of this writer’s novels / chronicles, besides being unique in contemporary Portuguese literature: VP elipses (specifically “gapping”), together with other parts of the sentence that are there to confirm these ellipses and legitimize them. As to Part III (Text / Discourse), we have used contributions of authors such as Joaquim Fonseca (Fonseca 1992 e 2004) which proved possible to understand discursive “heterogeneity” or “interdiscursivity”. In other words, they have shown us that these two discursive viewpoints are put to practice whenever a first speaker includes in his / her speech (microtext) the speeches of others (or his / her own speech in other time and place) put together not at random, but according to polyphony mechanisms. On the other hand, the surface of the text, though apparently a mixture of fragments, proves itself to be profoundly engendered and cohesive (Duarte 2003; Silva 2005), namely thanks to deictic strategies both of placement in time and of personal specification / identification (Fernanda Irene Fonseca 1992, 1994, 2004).
This project focuses on one major aim: to study the linguistic strategies typical of the narrative texts of Portuguese writer António Lobo Antunes (namely novels, chronicles and a short story), from 1979 to 2012. As far as our aim is concerned, we have organized the analysis of Lobo Antunes’ texts into three Parts, each one with its corpus: Part I (Lexicon), Part II (Syntax) and Part III (Text / Discourse), which has led us to the linguistics patterns that will be shown throughout our work. In order to be able to analyse the corpus from Part I, we followed theoretical proposals from authors such as Coseriu (Coseriu 1976), Picoche (Picoche 1977), Vilela (Vilela 1994 / 1995 / 2002), Lehman and Martin-Berthet (Lehman and Martin-Berthet1998), Melchuk (Melchuk 1995), among others. Thus, it was possible to explain some lexical strategies that reveal the presence of constant chains of reference and allow the author to ensure cohesion. Here are some patterns we have been able to consider: items referring to animals (that are the same from 1979 to 2012), specific registers, parody and quotation from famous texts or contexts and finally lexical items taken from some of the oral languages of Angola (mainly word of geographical places) and finally examples of how the author cuts words in an unexpected way. Concerning Syntax, we took advantage of two sintactic perspectives: Generative grammar (Matos 1992 and 2003) and Functional grammar (Gutièrrez 1999). This way we were able to list some of the strategies that are so typical of this writer’s novels / chronicles, besides being unique in contemporary Portuguese literature: VP elipses (specifically “gapping”), together with other parts of the sentence that are there to confirm these ellipses and legitimize them. As to Part III (Text / Discourse), we have used contributions of authors such as Joaquim Fonseca (Fonseca 1992 e 2004) which proved possible to understand discursive “heterogeneity” or “interdiscursivity”. In other words, they have shown us that these two discursive viewpoints are put to practice whenever a first speaker includes in his / her speech (microtext) the speeches of others (or his / her own speech in other time and place) put together not at random, but according to polyphony mechanisms. On the other hand, the surface of the text, though apparently a mixture of fragments, proves itself to be profoundly engendered and cohesive (Duarte 2003; Silva 2005), namely thanks to deictic strategies both of placement in time and of personal specification / identification (Fernanda Irene Fonseca 1992, 1994, 2004).
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Linguagem, Linguística Aplicada
Palavras-chave
Léxico , Sintaxe , Texto , Textos antunianos