O bullying na escola: estudo comparativo entre duas populações escolares, 3.º Ciclo e Secundário
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2016-05-18
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Quando um aluno é agredido ou se converte em vítima e está exposto, de uma
forma repetitiva e durante um tempo, as ações negativas que são levadas a cabo por um
ou mais alunos estão sujeitos a uma situação de bullying (Olweus, 1993). Este
fenómeno constitui hoje um problema amplamente difundido por inúmeras
investigações, quer no estrangeiro quer em Portugal.
De modo a dar resposta às situações de bullying, tem sido desenvolvidos
programas e projetos, bem como realizados estudos sobre esta realidade, com
consideráveis evidências que podem ser eficazes na sua redução, quando consideramos
a realidade de cada escola e de todos os agentes educativos nela envolvidos. O presente
estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar a realidade dos comportamentos de
bullying/vitimização no contexto escolar, segundo a perspetiva do próprio aluno,
comparando a frequência que ocorrem por sexo e por ciclo de escolaridade. Investigou
as formas de bullying/vitimização mais frequentes e os locais onde ocorrem.
O instrumento utilizado neste estudo, foi um questionário intitulado “ A
agressividade entre os jovens no espaço escolar” adaptação do questionário de Dan
Olweus (1989), feita por Nascimento (1995) e para o tratamento de dados utilizou-se o
programa estatístico SPSS e o teste de Mann – Whitney. Participaram 172 alunos de
ambos os sexos, sendo 89 do 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico com idades compreendidas entre
os 13 e os 15 anos e 83 do Ensino Secundário, com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e
os 19 anos.
Os resultados apontam para um número elevado de estudantes envolvidos no
processo de bullying, havendo uma diferença significativa entre os alunos do 3º Ciclo e
Secundário. No entanto, apesar de em termos percentuais encontrarmos algumas
diferenças em relação ao sexo, as diferenças não são significativas. O total da nossa
amostra evidencia que o local onde ocorrem com mais frequência os comportamentos
de bullying /vitimização é o recreio.
Conclui-se que o bullying é um fenómeno de ocorrência muito comum e um
problema grave nas escolas por todo o mundo e é um assunto pelo qual nos devemos
preocupar. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo alertem alunos, professores e
encarregados de educação para o problema.
When a student is attacked or becomes a victim and is exposed in a repetitive manner and for a time, the negative actions that are carried out by one or more students are placed in a situation of bullying (Olweus, 1993). This phenomenon today is a widespread problem for many investigations, either abroad or in Portugal. In order to respond to bullying situations, programs and projects have been developed and conducted studies on this reality, with considerable evidence that can be effective in reducing it, when we consider the reality of each school and all education agents it involved. The present study aimed to diagnose the reality of bullying behaviors/victimization in the school context , according to the student's own perspective, comparing the frequency that occur by gender and schooling cycle. Investigated forms of bullying / victimization more frequently and where they occur. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire titled “The aggression among youth in school " adaptation of Dan Olweus (1989 ) , made by Nascimento (1995) questionnaire and the data processing SPSS was used and Mann - Whitney test . 172 students of both sexes, with 89 of the 3rd cycle of basic education aged 13 to 15 years and 83 Secondary School, aged between 16 and 19 years participated. The results indicate a high number of students involved in the bullying process, there is a significant difference between the students of the 3rd cycle and secondary school. However, though in percentage terms we find some differences in relation to gender, the differences are not significant. The total of our sample shows that the location where the most frequently occurring behaviors of bullying / victimization is playtime. It is concluded that bullying is a phenomenon very common occurrence and a serious problem in schools throughout the world and is a subject in which we should worry. It is expected that the results of this study warn students, teachers and parents to the problem.
When a student is attacked or becomes a victim and is exposed in a repetitive manner and for a time, the negative actions that are carried out by one or more students are placed in a situation of bullying (Olweus, 1993). This phenomenon today is a widespread problem for many investigations, either abroad or in Portugal. In order to respond to bullying situations, programs and projects have been developed and conducted studies on this reality, with considerable evidence that can be effective in reducing it, when we consider the reality of each school and all education agents it involved. The present study aimed to diagnose the reality of bullying behaviors/victimization in the school context , according to the student's own perspective, comparing the frequency that occur by gender and schooling cycle. Investigated forms of bullying / victimization more frequently and where they occur. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire titled “The aggression among youth in school " adaptation of Dan Olweus (1989 ) , made by Nascimento (1995) questionnaire and the data processing SPSS was used and Mann - Whitney test . 172 students of both sexes, with 89 of the 3rd cycle of basic education aged 13 to 15 years and 83 Secondary School, aged between 16 and 19 years participated. The results indicate a high number of students involved in the bullying process, there is a significant difference between the students of the 3rd cycle and secondary school. However, though in percentage terms we find some differences in relation to gender, the differences are not significant. The total of our sample shows that the location where the most frequently occurring behaviors of bullying / victimization is playtime. It is concluded that bullying is a phenomenon very common occurrence and a serious problem in schools throughout the world and is a subject in which we should worry. It is expected that the results of this study warn students, teachers and parents to the problem.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física, nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
Palavras-chave
Agressor , Bullying , Escola , Género , Vitimização