Uma visão holística na segurança: defesa da floresta 2003/2007: processo institucional e gestão operacional
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2015
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Portugal viveu, nos anos 2003, 2004 e 2005, um grave problema de segurança interna e uma preocupante delapidação do património ambiental decorrentes dos incêndios florestais.
Em 2003 e 2005 o impacto dos incêndios florestais levou a que Portugal tivesse necessidade de solicitar a intervenção de forças de proteção civil de Espanha, França e Chile. Essa realidade confrontou as entidades públicas para a necessidade de se promover uma profunda reforma nos departamentos do Estado obrigados a políticas públicas nas áreas da floresta, ambiente, segurança e proteção civil.
Em 2004 foram desenvolvidas iniciativas políticas no universo da prevenção estrutural. Porém, tais iniciativas não tiveram implicação nas áreas da prevenção operacional e do combate. Por isso, o país voltou à situação de catástrofe em 2005.
A partir de 2005 foi promovida uma reforma integrada que levaria a uma alteração de paradigma. Os três pilares da defesa da floresta, assumidos pelo Plano Nacional de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios, observaram mudanças muito significativas que tiveram resultado na área ardida e nos impactos económicos, sociais e ambientais.
As reformas na intervenção e combate iniciaram-se em 2005 e desenvolveram-se até 2007. As alterações orgânicas no âmbito da prevenção operacional, deteção e vigilância desenvolveram entre 2006 e 2007. E as modificações de estrutura e planeamento, no âmbito da prevenção estrutural, assumiram relevância em 2003 e 2006 e tiveram, depois, uma readequação em 2009.
Nesta dissertação interessou a demonstração de que Portugal encontrou um caminho para resolver um problema grave que se colocava a toda a sociedade e, pela primeira vez, as metas determinadas foram cumpridas sem derrapagens.
In the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, Portugal lived a serious problem of internal security along with a worrying dilapidation of the environmental heritage. This was caused by the occurrence of forest fires. Between 2003 and 2005, the impact of forest fires led Portugal to request the intervention of the civil protection forces of Spain, France and Chile. That reality confronted the public entities with the need for promoting a deep reform inside the State departments which were committed to public policies in the areas of forest, environment, security and civil protection. In 2004, political initiatives in the structural prevention area were developed. Nonetheless, they had no implication in the fields of operational prevention and fighting. That was why, in 2005, the country went back to the disaster situation. From 2005 onwards, an integrated reform, which would lead to a paradigm shift, was promoted. The three axis for the defense of forest, embraced by the “Plano Nacional de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios” (National Plan to Protect Forests from Fires), experienced very significant changes with results in the burnt area and in the economic, social and environmental effects. Reforms on intervention and fighting began in 2005 and were developed until 2007. The organic changes concerning operational prevention, detection and surveillance were developed between 2006 and 2007. The changes in structure and planning in the field of structural prevention were of relevance in 2003 and 2006, with subsequent readjustment. This essay focused on demonstrating that Portugal has found its way to solve a serious problem to all society and that, for the first time, the goals set was achieved with no slippage.
In the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, Portugal lived a serious problem of internal security along with a worrying dilapidation of the environmental heritage. This was caused by the occurrence of forest fires. Between 2003 and 2005, the impact of forest fires led Portugal to request the intervention of the civil protection forces of Spain, France and Chile. That reality confronted the public entities with the need for promoting a deep reform inside the State departments which were committed to public policies in the areas of forest, environment, security and civil protection. In 2004, political initiatives in the structural prevention area were developed. Nonetheless, they had no implication in the fields of operational prevention and fighting. That was why, in 2005, the country went back to the disaster situation. From 2005 onwards, an integrated reform, which would lead to a paradigm shift, was promoted. The three axis for the defense of forest, embraced by the “Plano Nacional de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios” (National Plan to Protect Forests from Fires), experienced very significant changes with results in the burnt area and in the economic, social and environmental effects. Reforms on intervention and fighting began in 2005 and were developed until 2007. The organic changes concerning operational prevention, detection and surveillance were developed between 2006 and 2007. The changes in structure and planning in the field of structural prevention were of relevance in 2003 and 2006, with subsequent readjustment. This essay focused on demonstrating that Portugal has found its way to solve a serious problem to all society and that, for the first time, the goals set was achieved with no slippage.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão
Palavras-chave
Floresta , Portugal , Incêndio , Politica ambiental , Gestão pública