Credibilidade na rede: as redes sociais como fontes de informação dos jornais online
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2016-06-03
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O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a credibilidade informativa. O propósito foi estudar a credibilidade informativa das redes sociais como fontes de informação no jornalismo online, particularmente no caso português.
Esta investigação trata, de forma integrada um corpus constituído por 32 notícias das páginas Web do Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias e Correio da Manhã. Estas notícias foram recolhidas durante um período de um mês e analisadas de acordo com uma grelha de análise sugerida por Vasco Ribeiro em 2009. Inclui também três entrevistas levadas a cabo via telefone, email e presencialmente junto de jornalistas e estagiários de jornalismo. Estas tiveram como ponto de partida um guião previamente delineado mas sujeito a adaptações de acordo com o entrevistado e decorrer da entrevista, e foram tratadas recorrendo à análise de conteúdo, através de categorias e subcategorias.
Foram ainda distribuídos 100 questionários junto de estudantes, investigadores e docentes de Comunicação/Jornalismo na Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) e na Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI). Este instrumento teve como base dois importantes estudos desenvolvidos por Hovland e Weiss (1951) e Gaziano e McGrath (1986) na área da credibilidade, sendo mesmo considerados os pioneiros na mensuração do conceito. Os dados recolhidos foram tratados recorrendo à estatística descritiva.
Procurou-se estudar a credibilidade destas fontes de informação em três perspetivas.
Em primeiro lugar, na ótica dos jornais, onde se verificou a presença de redes sociais como fontes de informação, sobretudo em notícias referentes a sujeitos com proeminência social, e onde o Facebook se destaca como a rede social mais citada.
Por outro lado, na perspetiva dos jornalistas, onde percebemos que os profissionais do jornalismo reconhecem as redes sociais como fontes de informação no exercício das suas funções e lhes prestam credibilidade quando a informação é cruzada e confrontada com recurso a outras fontes de informação.
Por fim, do ponto de vista dos leitores, onde percebemos que a credibilidade informativa é um dos fatores mais importantes na leitura dos jornais online e que estes consideram positivamente em termos de credibilidade notícias cuja fonte de informação é uma rede social.
The study object of this work is informative credibility. Its purpose was to study social networks’ informational credibility as sources of information in online journalism, particularly in the Portuguese case. This research deals, in integrated fashion with a corpus comprising 32 pieces of news of the Web pages of Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias e Correio da Manhã. They were collected over a one month period and analysed according to a framework of analysis suggested by Vasco Ribeiro in 2009. It also includes three interviews conducted via telephone, email and in person with journalists and journalism interns. Their starting point was a previously outlined script liable to adjustments in accordance with the interviewee and the interview itself, and were treated using the content analysis through categories and subcategories. There were also 100 questionnaires distributed to students, researchers, and teachers of Communication / Journalism at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) and the University of Beira Interior (UBI). This instrument was based on two important studies conducted by Hovland and Weiss (1951) and Gaziano and McGrath (1986) in the area of credibility, considered the pioneers in the concept measuring. The data collected was processed using descriptive statistics. We sought to study the credibility of these sources of information in three perspectives. Firstly, from the viewpoint of newspapers, where we verified the presence of social networks as sources of information, especially on news regarding subjects with social prominence, and where Facebook stands out as the most cited social network. On the other hand, from the perspective of journalists, where we realized that professional journalists recognize social media as sources of information in the course of their duties and lend them credibility when information is intersected and faced with recourse to other sources of information. Finally, from the point of view of readers, where we apprehended that informational credibility is one of the most important factors in reading online newspapers and readers consider positively social networks as credible news sources.
The study object of this work is informative credibility. Its purpose was to study social networks’ informational credibility as sources of information in online journalism, particularly in the Portuguese case. This research deals, in integrated fashion with a corpus comprising 32 pieces of news of the Web pages of Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias e Correio da Manhã. They were collected over a one month period and analysed according to a framework of analysis suggested by Vasco Ribeiro in 2009. It also includes three interviews conducted via telephone, email and in person with journalists and journalism interns. Their starting point was a previously outlined script liable to adjustments in accordance with the interviewee and the interview itself, and were treated using the content analysis through categories and subcategories. There were also 100 questionnaires distributed to students, researchers, and teachers of Communication / Journalism at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) and the University of Beira Interior (UBI). This instrument was based on two important studies conducted by Hovland and Weiss (1951) and Gaziano and McGrath (1986) in the area of credibility, considered the pioneers in the concept measuring. The data collected was processed using descriptive statistics. We sought to study the credibility of these sources of information in three perspectives. Firstly, from the viewpoint of newspapers, where we verified the presence of social networks as sources of information, especially on news regarding subjects with social prominence, and where Facebook stands out as the most cited social network. On the other hand, from the perspective of journalists, where we realized that professional journalists recognize social media as sources of information in the course of their duties and lend them credibility when information is intersected and faced with recourse to other sources of information. Finally, from the point of view of readers, where we apprehended that informational credibility is one of the most important factors in reading online newspapers and readers consider positively social networks as credible news sources.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação, Especialização em Jornalismo
Palavras-chave
Jornalismo (online) , Redes sociais , Credibilidade informativa