Detection and monitoring of active fires in Africa and Europe using msgseviri imagery
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Data
2010
Autores
Amraoui, Malik
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Resumo
A queima de biomassa é extremamente importante às escalas global, continental,
regional e local, tendo um impacto dramático aos níveis atmosférico, climático,
ambiental e socio-económico. O lançamento do Meteosat-8/SEVIRI constitui uma
oportunidade única para detectar e monitorizar fogos de vegetação em África e na
Europa, em tempo quase real, na medida em que são fornecidas imagens com intervalos
de 15 minutos. A severidade dos problemas relacionados com os fogos de vegetação,
conjuntamente com as solicitações expressas pela comunidade ligada à monitorização
ambiental e à gestão de riscos, bem como por um número crescente de utilizadores de
aplicações agrícolas e florestais, motivaram a presente investigação com vista ao
desenvolvimento, no âmbito da Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis
da EUMETSAT, de duas linhas de aplicação com vista a explorar a capacidade do
Meteosat-8/SEVIRI de detectar e monitorizar: (i) fogos activos em África e na Europa,
com o objectivo de proceder à disseminação operacional do produto Fire Detection and
Monitoring (FD&M) e; (ii) sinais de stress da vegetação e de risco meteorológico de
ocorrência de fogos, com o objectivo de proceder à disseminação operacional do
produto Fire Risk Map (FRM).
Apresenta-se um procedimento operacional que permite detectar fogos activos com base
em informação do Meteosat-8/SEVIRI em África e na Europa. A metodologia baseia-se
em algoritmos contextuais, anteriormente projectados para instrumentos polares,
síncrono solares, nomeadamente o NOAA/AVHRR e o TERRA-AQUA/MODIS. A
informação acerca da actividade dos fogos, obtida a partir de um algoritmo
desenvolvido para o efeito, é então utilizada: (i) para analisar as distribuições espacial e
temporal dos fogos activos em África e na Europa em relação com os diferentes tipos de
coberto vegetal e para caracterizar os ciclos diários de actividade de fogos em África;
(ii) avaliar o potencial das imagens do Meteosat-8 para investigar o papel dos factores
meteorológicos na actividade dos fogos na Europa Mediterrânica, nomeadamente
através da análise de dois eventos extremos que atingiram a Itália e a Península
Balcânica durante o Verão de 2007 e; (iii) calibrar um índice de risco de incêndio na
Europa Mediterrânica com o objectivo de gerar operacionalmente cartas de risco de
incêndio na Europa Mediterrânica.
Biomass burning is extremely important at the global, the continental, the regional and the local scales, and has dramatic impacts at the atmospheric, the climatic, the environmental and the socio-economical levels. The launch of Meteosat-8/SEVIRI provides a unique opportunity to detect and monitor wildfires, over Africa and Europe, in near-real-time by providing images at 15 minutes interval. The severity of wildfirerelated problems, together with the demands from environment monitoring and risk management and a growing number of users in agricultural and forestry applications has led the present research to the development, within the framework of EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis, of two lines of applications aiming to explore the capability of Meteosat-8/SEVIRI to detect and monitor: (i) active fires over Africa and Europe, leading to the operational dissemination of the Fire Detection and Monitoring (FD&M) product and; (ii) signals of vegetation stress and the meteorological risk of fire, leading to the operational dissemination of the Fire Risk Map (FRM) product. An operational procedure is presented that allows detecting active fires based on information from Meteosat-8/SEVIRI over Africa and Europe. The methodology is based on heritage from contextual algorithms designed for polar, sun-synchronous instruments, namely NOAA/AVHRR and TERRA-AQUA/MODIS. Information about fire activity obtained by the developed algorithm is then used; (i) to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of active fires over Africa and Europe related to different land cover types and to characterize the daily cycle of fire activity over Africa; (ii) to assess the potential of Meteosat-8 imagery to investigate the role of meteorological factors on fire activity in Mediterranean Europe, namely by analysing two extreme fire events that stroke Italy and the Balkan Peninsula during summer 2007 and; (iii) to calibrate a fire risk index over Mediterranean Europe with the aim of operationally generating maps of fire risk over Mediterranean Europe.
Biomass burning is extremely important at the global, the continental, the regional and the local scales, and has dramatic impacts at the atmospheric, the climatic, the environmental and the socio-economical levels. The launch of Meteosat-8/SEVIRI provides a unique opportunity to detect and monitor wildfires, over Africa and Europe, in near-real-time by providing images at 15 minutes interval. The severity of wildfirerelated problems, together with the demands from environment monitoring and risk management and a growing number of users in agricultural and forestry applications has led the present research to the development, within the framework of EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis, of two lines of applications aiming to explore the capability of Meteosat-8/SEVIRI to detect and monitor: (i) active fires over Africa and Europe, leading to the operational dissemination of the Fire Detection and Monitoring (FD&M) product and; (ii) signals of vegetation stress and the meteorological risk of fire, leading to the operational dissemination of the Fire Risk Map (FRM) product. An operational procedure is presented that allows detecting active fires based on information from Meteosat-8/SEVIRI over Africa and Europe. The methodology is based on heritage from contextual algorithms designed for polar, sun-synchronous instruments, namely NOAA/AVHRR and TERRA-AQUA/MODIS. Information about fire activity obtained by the developed algorithm is then used; (i) to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of active fires over Africa and Europe related to different land cover types and to characterize the daily cycle of fire activity over Africa; (ii) to assess the potential of Meteosat-8 imagery to investigate the role of meteorological factors on fire activity in Mediterranean Europe, namely by analysing two extreme fire events that stroke Italy and the Balkan Peninsula during summer 2007 and; (iii) to calibrate a fire risk index over Mediterranean Europe with the aim of operationally generating maps of fire risk over Mediterranean Europe.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Física
Palavras-chave
Meteosat-8/SEVIRI , Fogos activos em África e Europa , Algoritmo , LSA SAF , Produto FD&M , Factores meteorológicos , Indice de risco de incêndio , Produto FRM