A utilização de materiais manipuláveis no ensino e aprendizagem da matemática: uma experiência de ensino no 1.º e 2.º ciclos do ensino básico
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2016-11-10
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O presente Relatório Temático de Estágio, essencial para a obtenção do grau de
Mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico (CEB), baseou-se na Prática de
Ensino Supervisionada no 1.º e no 2.º CEB.
A Matemática é uma disciplina rigorosa, que exige uma construção progressiva
de estruturas cognitivas. Não basta conhecer, é necessário saber aplicar a matemática,
tornando-se, por vezes, complexo. Desta forma, ao longo da história do ensino e
aprendizagem da matemática, têm-se desenvolvido recursos promotores de
compreensão, tais como os materiais manipuláveis.
Os materiais manipuláveis representam um papel importante como apoio à
aprendizagem dos alunos, exercendo, por um lado, uma utilidade lúdica, promotora de
motivação e, por outro, uma função catalisadora de compreensão de conteúdos,
possibilitando aos alunos exercer um papel ativo e construtivista no seu conhecimento.
Nos primeiros anos, a criança encontra-se a descobrir o mundo, procurando
respostas às adversidades que a sua realidade lhe impõe. Desta forma, devem-se
multiplicar estímulos, perspetivas e oportunidades. Nesta fase, a criança encontra-se,
também, a desenvolver o sensorial motor e percetivo, exigindo-se instrumentos e
objetos que ela possa manipular de maneira a desenvolver a sua estrutura cognitiva.
Na parte prática, numa perspetiva construtivista, aplicamos no domínio da
geometria e medida e dos números e operações, alguns materiais manipuláveis.
Constituiu-se como um conjunto de práticas e reflexões sucessivas, importantes
para envolver o aluno no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática.
Pretende-se que esta abordagem e reflexão de práticas contribua para aplicações
e reflexões futuras, com o intuito de melhorar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem
nesta área.
The present Thematic Report, essential for the degree of Master in 1st and 2nd Basic´s Education Cycles (CEB), was based on the Supervised Teaching Practice on the 1st and the 2nd CEB, applied at the School´s Center Bairro de São Vicente Paula, with regard to the 1st cycle and the Basic School of 2nd and 3rd cycles Monsenhor Jerónimo do Amaral, concerning the 2nd Cycle of Basic’s Education. Mathematics is a rigorous discipline, which requires a progressive construction of cognitive structures. It´s not enough to know, you must know how to apply mathematics, becoming, sometimes, complex. So, over the history of teaching and learning mathematics, they have developed resources that promote understanding, such as manipulatives. The manipulative materials play an important role as a support of student learning, exercising, on the one hand, a playful utility that promotes motivation and, on the other, a catalytic role in understanding content, enabling students to play an active and constructivist role on his knowledge . In the early years, child is discovering the world, seeking answers to the adversities that his reality imposes, therefore, should be multiplied stimulus, prospects and opportunities. At this stage, it is also developing motor and sensory perception, requiring to instrument and objects she can manipulate providing her cognitive structure develop. In the practical part, on a constructivist perspective, we apply in the field of geometry and measurement and numbers and operations, some manipulatives. It is established itself as a set of practices and successive reflections, important to involve students in teaching and learning mathematics process. It is intended that this approach and reflection practices contribute to future applications and reflections, in order to improve teaching and learning in this área.
The present Thematic Report, essential for the degree of Master in 1st and 2nd Basic´s Education Cycles (CEB), was based on the Supervised Teaching Practice on the 1st and the 2nd CEB, applied at the School´s Center Bairro de São Vicente Paula, with regard to the 1st cycle and the Basic School of 2nd and 3rd cycles Monsenhor Jerónimo do Amaral, concerning the 2nd Cycle of Basic’s Education. Mathematics is a rigorous discipline, which requires a progressive construction of cognitive structures. It´s not enough to know, you must know how to apply mathematics, becoming, sometimes, complex. So, over the history of teaching and learning mathematics, they have developed resources that promote understanding, such as manipulatives. The manipulative materials play an important role as a support of student learning, exercising, on the one hand, a playful utility that promotes motivation and, on the other, a catalytic role in understanding content, enabling students to play an active and constructivist role on his knowledge . In the early years, child is discovering the world, seeking answers to the adversities that his reality imposes, therefore, should be multiplied stimulus, prospects and opportunities. At this stage, it is also developing motor and sensory perception, requiring to instrument and objects she can manipulate providing her cognitive structure develop. In the practical part, on a constructivist perspective, we apply in the field of geometry and measurement and numbers and operations, some manipulatives. It is established itself as a set of practices and successive reflections, important to involve students in teaching and learning mathematics process. It is intended that this approach and reflection practices contribute to future applications and reflections, in order to improve teaching and learning in this área.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico
Palavras-chave
Matemática , Ensino/aprendizagem , Educação básica , Materiais manipuláveis , Prática de ensino supervisionada