Simulação do desempenho térmico da parede de trombe
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2016-11-28
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A parede de Trombe é um sistema solar passivo de ganho indireto que pode contribuir para a
melhoria da eficiência energética dos edifícios, uma vez que potencia o uso de energia solar para
aquecimento. No entanto, esta solução ainda é pouco utilizada em Portugal, dado o desconhecimento
por parte dos diferentes intervenientes no setor da construção no que respeita ao seu desempenho e
a ferramentas de cálculo. No sentido de contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento científico nesta
área e potenciar o uso em Portugal deste sistema, o principal objetivo deste trabalho de investigação
consiste em simular o desempenho térmico da parede de Trombe ventilada e não ventilada, com
recurso a um programa de simulação: o DesignBuilder. Foi analisada a influência dos diferentes
constituintes do sistema através da alteração do tipo de material e sua espessura, bem como dos
sistemas de ventilação e sombreamento. Foi definido um modelo geométrico de parede de Trombe
idêntico à existente na célula de teste localizada no campus universitário da UTAD. Foi efetuada a
validação do modelo através da comparação dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho com os resultados
obtidos em trabalhos experimental já desenvolvido na UTAD. O modelo desenvolvido foi posteriormente
aplicado a diferentes constituições de parede de Trombe, alterando os seus materiais, espessuras e
elementos de sombreamento exteriores e foram analisados os valores obtidos para as temperaturas
obtidas no interior do compartimento representado pela célula de teste. Verificou-se que as
temperaturas obtidas nas simulações dinâmicas são superiores em 15% relativamente às temperaturas
obtidas em condições climáticas reais. Definiu-se posteriormente uma solução otimizada, sendo esta
uma parede de Trombe ventilada, com duas aberturas de ventilação (cada abertura com 0,12m2 de
área), parede acumuladora em granito com espessura de 30 cm, caixa-de-ar com 15 cm, envidraçado
utilizado foi vidro duplo com um coeficiente de transmissão térmica de 3,31 W/m2-k e sem pala de
sombreamento. Verificou-se que a utilização deste tipo de parede de Trombe permite que esta
contribua com 51% em ganhos térmicos durante o ano no edifício.
The Trombe wall is an indirect gain passive solar system that can contribute to improving the energy efficiency of buildings, since it potentiates the use of solar energy for heating. However, this solution is not widely used in Portugal, due to the fact that the different stakeholders of the construction sector are unaware with regard to its performance and calculation tools. In order to contribute to the increase of scientific knowledge in this area and enhance the use of this system in Portugal, the main objective of this research is to simulate the thermal performance of the ventilated Trombe wall and not ventilated, using a simulation program: DesignBuilder. The influence of the different components of the system was analysed by changing the type of material and its thickness, as well as ventilation and shading systems. A geometric model of the Trombe wall was defined similar to the one used in the test cell located on the campus of UTAD. The model validation was performed by comparing the results of this study with the results obtained in experimental work already developed in UTAD. The model was then applied to different constitutions of Trombe wall, changing the materials, thicknesses and ventilation, obstruction and shading elements. The values obtained for the temperatures inside the test cell were analysed. It was verified that the temperatures obtained in the dynamic simulations are 15% higher when compared with the temperatures obtained under real climatic conditions. It was then defined an optimized solution, corresponding to a ventilated Trombe wall, with two openings (each opening in the area of 0,12m2), a massive wall made with granite with a thickness of 30 cm, an air-box with 15 cm, a double glazing with a heat transfer coefficient of 3.31 W /m2-k and no shading overhangs. It was found that the use of such Trombe wall contributes with 51% for the building heat gains during the year.
The Trombe wall is an indirect gain passive solar system that can contribute to improving the energy efficiency of buildings, since it potentiates the use of solar energy for heating. However, this solution is not widely used in Portugal, due to the fact that the different stakeholders of the construction sector are unaware with regard to its performance and calculation tools. In order to contribute to the increase of scientific knowledge in this area and enhance the use of this system in Portugal, the main objective of this research is to simulate the thermal performance of the ventilated Trombe wall and not ventilated, using a simulation program: DesignBuilder. The influence of the different components of the system was analysed by changing the type of material and its thickness, as well as ventilation and shading systems. A geometric model of the Trombe wall was defined similar to the one used in the test cell located on the campus of UTAD. The model validation was performed by comparing the results of this study with the results obtained in experimental work already developed in UTAD. The model was then applied to different constitutions of Trombe wall, changing the materials, thicknesses and ventilation, obstruction and shading elements. The values obtained for the temperatures inside the test cell were analysed. It was verified that the temperatures obtained in the dynamic simulations are 15% higher when compared with the temperatures obtained under real climatic conditions. It was then defined an optimized solution, corresponding to a ventilated Trombe wall, with two openings (each opening in the area of 0,12m2), a massive wall made with granite with a thickness of 30 cm, an air-box with 15 cm, a double glazing with a heat transfer coefficient of 3.31 W /m2-k and no shading overhangs. It was found that the use of such Trombe wall contributes with 51% for the building heat gains during the year.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Parede de trombe , Desempenho térmico , Estudo experimental , Eficiência energética , DesignBuilder