Rastreio de fungos filamentosos em ambientes interiores. Otimização de técnicas de diagnóstico e implicações em saúde pública
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2015
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Resumo
Os fungos anemófilos estão sempre presentes no ar natural, variando a sua
concentração de acordo com as condições ambientais.
Devido às suas caraterísticas morfologias, fisiológicas e bioquímicas são
microrganismos capazes de sobreviver em ambientes hostis com requisitos mínimos.
Com influencia direta na economia, qualidade de vida e saúde das populações, nos
últimos anos os estudos de avaliação, rastreio e diagnóstico deste tipo de microrganismos
tem vindo a aumentar.
Este trabalho consistiu na deteção de fungos filamentosos no ar interior de
habitações particulares. A metodologia de recolha consistiu na exposição ao ar de placas
de Petri, que continham como meios de cultura Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA,
Liofilchem®) e Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA, Liofilchem®).
A identificação dos géneros e espécies foi efetuada por técnicas microbiológicas.
Foram testados “primers” de ISSR’s para caracterização da variabilidade dos géneros e
espécies recolhidas.
Nas 120 habitações analisadas, foram realizadas 5 recolhas diferentes, sendo que
no total foram obtidas 600 amostras.
Em todas as recolhas efetuadas ocorreu crescimento fúngico.
Em 907 isolados fúngicos Penicillium (75,8% (IC 95%: 68,14-83,46%)) foi o
género mais prevalente e Alternaria (21,7% (IC 95%: 14,32-29,08%)) foi o género menos
prevalente. Das habitações estudadas isolou-se Cladosporium em 72, Mucor em 59,
Penicillium em 91, Alternaria em 26 e Aspergillus em 40.
São ainda notórias as capacidades de identificação de variabilidade de géneros
fúngicos com a utilização de técnicas de PCR-ISSRs. Foram testadas amostras dos
géneros Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp. e Penicillium spp. com os “Primers”
807,808,810,811,812,817,818,880,881 e 888.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem a presença extensiva de fungos no ambiente
interior, bem como a relação da mesma com as condições de limpeza e arejamento das
habitações.
The airborne fungi are always present in natural air, varying their concentration according to the environmental conditions. Due to their morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics these microorganisms are able to survive in hostile environments with minimum requirements. In the last years the assessments, screening and diagnosis of this type of microorganisms has been increasing according to its influence on the economy, quality of life and health of the population. This work consisted in the detection of filamentous fungi in indoor air of private households. For samples collection Petri dishes, containing culture media as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Liofilchem®) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA, Liofilchem®), were exposed to indoor air for a defined timeframe. The identification of the genera and species was performed by microbiological techniques. ISSR's "primers" were tested to characterize the variability of genera and species. We have analyzed 120 dwellings, which were carried out in five different collections, and in total 600 samples were obtained. In 907 fungal isolates, Penicillium (75.8% (95% CI 68.14 to 83.46%)) was the most prevalent gender and Alternaria (21.7% (95% CI 14.32 to 29.08%)) was the less prevalent. Cladosporium was collected in 72 houses, Mucor, in 59, Penicillium in 91, Alternaria in 26 and Aspergillus in 40. The PCR-ISSRs technique demonstrate to be useful to evaluate the variability of the fungi genera. The samples of Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp. and Penicillium spp. were tested with 807,808,810,811,812,817,818,880,881 and 888 primers. The results suggest the extensive presence of fungi in indoor environment, and the relationship with the conditions of cleanliness and ventilation of dwellings.
The airborne fungi are always present in natural air, varying their concentration according to the environmental conditions. Due to their morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics these microorganisms are able to survive in hostile environments with minimum requirements. In the last years the assessments, screening and diagnosis of this type of microorganisms has been increasing according to its influence on the economy, quality of life and health of the population. This work consisted in the detection of filamentous fungi in indoor air of private households. For samples collection Petri dishes, containing culture media as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Liofilchem®) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA, Liofilchem®), were exposed to indoor air for a defined timeframe. The identification of the genera and species was performed by microbiological techniques. ISSR's "primers" were tested to characterize the variability of genera and species. We have analyzed 120 dwellings, which were carried out in five different collections, and in total 600 samples were obtained. In 907 fungal isolates, Penicillium (75.8% (95% CI 68.14 to 83.46%)) was the most prevalent gender and Alternaria (21.7% (95% CI 14.32 to 29.08%)) was the less prevalent. Cladosporium was collected in 72 houses, Mucor, in 59, Penicillium in 91, Alternaria in 26 and Aspergillus in 40. The PCR-ISSRs technique demonstrate to be useful to evaluate the variability of the fungi genera. The samples of Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp. and Penicillium spp. were tested with 807,808,810,811,812,817,818,880,881 and 888 primers. The results suggest the extensive presence of fungi in indoor environment, and the relationship with the conditions of cleanliness and ventilation of dwellings.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia Clínica e Laboratorial
Palavras-chave
Fungos (anemófilos) , Epidemiologia , Saúde pública