Tecnologias avançadas de automação: aplicação em plataformas de extração de petróleo
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Data
2015
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Resumo
O sector de perfuração automatizada em ambiente Offshore é das mais
exigentes em termos técnicos e científicos por razões de risco de vida e impacto
ambiental. Ao longo das últimas décadas a tecnologia tem vindo a introduzir novas formas
de controlar processos tradicionalmente feitos por operadores em ambientes altamente
complexos. Esta combinação de características produz riscos elevados de se cometerem
erros com impactos devastadores sobre a tripulação, a plataforma, condição financeira
da operadora e o ambiente. A introdução de controladores lógicos programáveis para a
operação do equipamento de perfuração e manuseamento de tubos abriu novos
horizontes para monitorizar e automatizar processos tipicamente delicados
tradicionalmente executados por operadores altamente qualificados e com muitos anos
de experiencia de campo. Com a ocorrência de desastres na indústria do petróleo tem
havido uma maior exigência de sistemas que reduzam a ocorrência de erros humanos e
para esse efeito foram desenvolvidas vários produtos nomeadamente simuladores
virtuais em 3D, sistemas de perfuração automática (eControl), sistemas responsáveis
pela monitorização e gestão dos múltiplos sistemas de controlo abordo da Plataforma de
perfuração (eConcept), entre outros no mercado.
O autor deste trabalho tem vindo a trabalhar na companhia First Interactive com sede
principal na Noruega, a desempenhar funções relacionadas com sistemas de Automação
e Controlo de processos industriais, designadamente na área da extração petrolífera.
Esta dissertação de mestrado, desenvolvida em contexto industrial, versa o estudo e
desenvolvimento de conceitos tecnológicos em torno de sistemas de perfuração
automática, sistemas de gestão, monitorização e controlo aplicados a grupos de sistemas
de controlo de máquinas em processos inerentes à indústria extrativa de petróleo para plataformas off-shore.
The automated drilling sector in offshore environments is one of the most demanding in technical and scientific terms due to life threatening risks and extreme impact of environmental disasters. Over the past decades technology has been introducing new forms of controlling complex processes traditionally executed by operators in highly complex environments; this combination of characteristics produces elevated risks of committing critical errors with devastating consequences to the crew, Rig, financial condition of the operator and the environment. The introduction of programmable logic controllers for controlling drilling and pipe handling equipment opened up new horizons for monitoring and automating typically delicate processes traditionally performed by highly skilled operators with many years of field experience. With the occurrence of disasters in the oil industry there has been a great demand for systems which reduce the occurrence of human error and to this end many products have been developed including 3D virtual simulators, automatic drilling systems (eControl), systems responsible for the monitoring and management of multiple control systems on-board the drilling platform (eConcept), amongst others on the market. The candidate Marco Pires has been working at First Interactive with headquartered in Norway, performing functions related to automation and industrial process control systems, especially in the field of oil extraction. The overall objective of this master's thesis, developed in industrial context, is to study the development of technological concepts around automated drilling systems and a system of management, monitoring and controls applied to groups of machine control systems in processes related to the industry of extraction of oil in offshore platforms.
The automated drilling sector in offshore environments is one of the most demanding in technical and scientific terms due to life threatening risks and extreme impact of environmental disasters. Over the past decades technology has been introducing new forms of controlling complex processes traditionally executed by operators in highly complex environments; this combination of characteristics produces elevated risks of committing critical errors with devastating consequences to the crew, Rig, financial condition of the operator and the environment. The introduction of programmable logic controllers for controlling drilling and pipe handling equipment opened up new horizons for monitoring and automating typically delicate processes traditionally performed by highly skilled operators with many years of field experience. With the occurrence of disasters in the oil industry there has been a great demand for systems which reduce the occurrence of human error and to this end many products have been developed including 3D virtual simulators, automatic drilling systems (eControl), systems responsible for the monitoring and management of multiple control systems on-board the drilling platform (eConcept), amongst others on the market. The candidate Marco Pires has been working at First Interactive with headquartered in Norway, performing functions related to automation and industrial process control systems, especially in the field of oil extraction. The overall objective of this master's thesis, developed in industrial context, is to study the development of technological concepts around automated drilling systems and a system of management, monitoring and controls applied to groups of machine control systems in processes related to the industry of extraction of oil in offshore platforms.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
Palavras-chave
Sistemas de controlo , Automação industrial , Sistemas de CM/CBM , Simulador de treino , Simulador de ambientes de perfuração (downhole)