Gestão e eficiência energética em instituições hospitalares
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2017-02-06
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A energia tornou-se dos bens de consumo mais fundamentais para as sociedades modernas.
Depois da revolução industrial, e especialmente durante o século XX, o impacto da atividade humana sobre o meio ambiente tornou-se muito significativo. O crescimento da população mundial associado a necessidades crescentes do consumo de energia essencialmente devido a acesso a novas tecnologias, principalmente nos países desenvolvidos, originou problemas ambientais, tais como o efeito de gases de estufa, um aumento da temperatura global e as alterações climáticas no planeta, cuja sua solução é o grande desafio para os governos, ambientalistas, organizações não-governamentais e de todas as comunidades de todo o mundo.
A eficiência energética é um mecanismo rápido, económico e limpo de redução de consumos de energia e custos, sem que estas ações passem pela extinção dos “serviços”, mantendo ou melhorando a qualidade de funcionamento e conforto resultantes destas medidas. A eficiência energética serve os propósitos do Tratado de Kyoto e todas as medidas despoletadas em consequência deste que, de igual modo, pretendem a redução das emissões de gases poluentes. O conjunto de ações reunidas nesse tratado pode despoletar benefícios relativos a poupança de energia na ordem dos 30%.
As metas impostas aos edifícios e entidades públicas quanto à redução do consumo de energia, como é o caso do programa ECO.AP, e à promoção de comportamentos que levem a um menor consumo de energia e consequentemente ao combate de desperdícios energéticos, obriga a que estas entidades façam escolhas e promovam ações de eficiência energética de modo a reduzir não só os consumos como também a fatura com os encargos energéticos.
A presente dissertação aborda a eficiência energética, para tal foi realizado um estudo no Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa (CHTS), onde estas questões se revestem de grande atualidade e de grande importância. O estudo foi desenvolvido no âmbito do setor da saúde, em contexto hospitalar e em colaboração com a Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD).
No sentido de aumentar a eficiência energética e reduzir os consumos energéticos do CHTS, o estudo a desenvolver enquadra-se na análise dos equipamentos/maquinas que compõem a instalação elétrica e a fatura energética associada. São apresentadas algumas soluções tecnológicas existentes no mercado ao nível da iluminação interior dos espaços e exterior aos edifícios, visando a poupança de energia e consequente redução dos seus custos.
Para cada caso em estudo é realizado um estudo económico, de forma a se perceber se o investimento necessário é economicamente viável.
Constata-se que neste tipo de instalações os responsáveis estão preocupados e atentos a novas soluções tecnológicas que surjam no mercado tentando sempre que possível incrementar a eficiência energética da instalação.
Energy has become the most basic consumer goods to modern societies. After the industrial revolution, and especially during the twentieth century, the impact of human activity on the environment has become very significant. The global population growth associated with the increasing needs of energy consumption, mainly due to the access to new technologies, particularly in developed countries, originated environmental problems such as the effect of greenhouse gases, an the increase in global temperature and climate change on the planet, which solution is the major challenge for governments, environmentalists, non-governmental organizations and all communities around the world. The energy efficiency is a fast mechanism, economic and clean energy reduction and cost consumption, without these actions go through the extinction of the "services", maintaining or improving the quality of operation and comfort resulting from these measures. The energy efficiency serves the purposes of the Kyoto Treaty and all the measurements are triggered as a consequence of this which also intend the reduction of pollutant emissions. The set of actions gathered in this treaty can trigger benefits related to energy savings of 30%. The targets imposed to buildings and public entities in reducing energy consumption, such as the ECO.AP program, and the promotion of behaviours which lead to lower power consumption and hence the combat against energy waste, require that these entities make choices and promote energy efficiency measures in order to reduce not only the consumption but also the invoice with energy costs. This dissertation deals with the energy efficiency; therefore this study was conducted at the Hospital of the Tâmega and Sousa (CHTS), where these issues are of great practicality and of great importance. The study was developed in the health sector, in a hospital and in partnership with the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD). In order to increase the energy efficiency and to reduce the energy consumption of the CHTS, the study to be developed is part of the analysis of equipment / machines that make up the electrical installation and the associated energy bill. Some technological solutions are presented on the market concerning the interior lighting of spaces and the outside of the buildings, with the aim of energy saving and the consequent reduction of costs. For each case study it is conveyed an economic study in order to understand if the necessary investment is economically viable. It appears that in these type of facilities the responsible are concerned and aware of the new technological solutions that arise in the market trying, whenever possible, the increase of the energy efficiency of the installation.
Energy has become the most basic consumer goods to modern societies. After the industrial revolution, and especially during the twentieth century, the impact of human activity on the environment has become very significant. The global population growth associated with the increasing needs of energy consumption, mainly due to the access to new technologies, particularly in developed countries, originated environmental problems such as the effect of greenhouse gases, an the increase in global temperature and climate change on the planet, which solution is the major challenge for governments, environmentalists, non-governmental organizations and all communities around the world. The energy efficiency is a fast mechanism, economic and clean energy reduction and cost consumption, without these actions go through the extinction of the "services", maintaining or improving the quality of operation and comfort resulting from these measures. The energy efficiency serves the purposes of the Kyoto Treaty and all the measurements are triggered as a consequence of this which also intend the reduction of pollutant emissions. The set of actions gathered in this treaty can trigger benefits related to energy savings of 30%. The targets imposed to buildings and public entities in reducing energy consumption, such as the ECO.AP program, and the promotion of behaviours which lead to lower power consumption and hence the combat against energy waste, require that these entities make choices and promote energy efficiency measures in order to reduce not only the consumption but also the invoice with energy costs. This dissertation deals with the energy efficiency; therefore this study was conducted at the Hospital of the Tâmega and Sousa (CHTS), where these issues are of great practicality and of great importance. The study was developed in the health sector, in a hospital and in partnership with the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD). In order to increase the energy efficiency and to reduce the energy consumption of the CHTS, the study to be developed is part of the analysis of equipment / machines that make up the electrical installation and the associated energy bill. Some technological solutions are presented on the market concerning the interior lighting of spaces and the outside of the buildings, with the aim of energy saving and the consequent reduction of costs. For each case study it is conveyed an economic study in order to understand if the necessary investment is economically viable. It appears that in these type of facilities the responsible are concerned and aware of the new technological solutions that arise in the market trying, whenever possible, the increase of the energy efficiency of the installation.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
Palavras-chave
Energia , Eficiência energética , Iluminação , LED