A influência do ambiente familiar no desenvolvimento psicomotor de crianças dos 18 aos 42 meses de idade
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2017-02-07
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Partindo do conceito de Affordances, que descreve as oportunidades que conferem desafios ao indivíduo em desenvolvimento, o objetivo deste estudo, de delineamento transversal, foi investigar o efeito das características de crianças dos 18 aos 42 meses, do agregado e casa familiar no perfil psicomotor. Fizeram parte da investigação 100 crianças (64 do sexo masculino e 36 do sexo feminino) que frequentavam a consulta externa de Pediatria de um dos Centros Hospitalares do Norte de Portugal. As questões respeitantes às características do agregado e à casa familiar foram recolhidas com o questionário Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – AHEMD. Para comparar com o perfil de desenvolvimento psicomotor, recorreu-se à Escala Schedule of Growing Skills II - SGS-II. Perante a faixa etária, os resultados mostraram um desenvolvimento psicomotor, abaixo do esperado, nomeadamente ao nível cognitivo e locomotor, observando-se ainda, um desenvolvimento reduzido das competências manipulativas, ainda que dentro do espectado. No que respeita ao questionário AHEMD obteve-se um valor total de 13.75 (±2,552), que significa um resultado global médio. Verificaram-se correlações estatisticamente significativas entre competências manipulativas e o espaço exterior (p=,199*); competências manipulativas e o AHEMD total (p=,211*); competências visuais e materiais de motricidade grossa (p=,234*); competências visuais e AHEMD total (p=,252*); competências audição e linguagem e materiais de motricidade grossa (p=,200*); competências audição e linguagem e AHEMD Total (p=,219*); competências de interação social e materiais de motricidade fina (p=,246*); competências de interação social e AHEMD total (p=,211*); competência autonomia e materiais de motricidade fina (p=,219*); competências cognitivas e materiais de motricidade fina (p=,230*); competências cognitivas e AHEMD total (p=,222*). Assim, podemos concluir que as oportunidades de estimulação do ambiente familiar poderão manifestar-se perturbadoras e facilitadoras no desenvolvimento infantil.
Based on the concept of Affordances, that describ the opportunities that provide challenges to individual development, the aim of this study, cross-sectional study was investigate the effect of children features 18 to 42 months, the household and family home to psychomotor profile. The participants were 100 children (64 males and 36 females) who attended the Pediatric outpatient of the hospital centers of northern Portugal. The issues relating to household characteristics and family home were collected with the questionnaire Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - AHEMD. To compare with psychomotor development profile, appealed to the Schedule of Growing Skills Scale II - SGS-II. In view of the age, the results showed psychomotor development, lower than expected, particularly cognitive and locomotor level, observing also reduced development of manipulative skills, although within the expected. Regarding AHEMD questionnaire gave a total of 13.75 (± 2.552), which means an average overall result. There were statistically significant correlations between manipulative skills and outer space (p =, 199 *); manipulative skills and the total AHEMD (p =, 211 *); visual skills and materials coarse motor (p = 234 *); visual skills and AHEMD total (p =, 252 *); listening skills and language materials coarse motor (p = 200 *); skills and language and hearing AHEMD Total (p =, 219 *); social interaction skills and fine motor materials (p =, 246 *); social interaction skills and AHEMD total (p =, 211 *); competence and autonomy of fine motor materials (p =, 219 *); cognitive and fine motor materials (p =, 230 *); cognitive and AHEMD total (p =, 222 *). So, we can conclude that the family environment stimulating opportunities may manifest disruptive and facilitative in child development.
Based on the concept of Affordances, that describ the opportunities that provide challenges to individual development, the aim of this study, cross-sectional study was investigate the effect of children features 18 to 42 months, the household and family home to psychomotor profile. The participants were 100 children (64 males and 36 females) who attended the Pediatric outpatient of the hospital centers of northern Portugal. The issues relating to household characteristics and family home were collected with the questionnaire Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - AHEMD. To compare with psychomotor development profile, appealed to the Schedule of Growing Skills Scale II - SGS-II. In view of the age, the results showed psychomotor development, lower than expected, particularly cognitive and locomotor level, observing also reduced development of manipulative skills, although within the expected. Regarding AHEMD questionnaire gave a total of 13.75 (± 2.552), which means an average overall result. There were statistically significant correlations between manipulative skills and outer space (p =, 199 *); manipulative skills and the total AHEMD (p =, 211 *); visual skills and materials coarse motor (p = 234 *); visual skills and AHEMD total (p =, 252 *); listening skills and language materials coarse motor (p = 200 *); skills and language and hearing AHEMD Total (p =, 219 *); social interaction skills and fine motor materials (p =, 246 *); social interaction skills and AHEMD total (p =, 211 *); competence and autonomy of fine motor materials (p =, 219 *); cognitive and fine motor materials (p =, 230 *); cognitive and AHEMD total (p =, 222 *). So, we can conclude that the family environment stimulating opportunities may manifest disruptive and facilitative in child development.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física, Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança
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Educação física , Desenvolvimento infantil , Crianças , Ambiente e casa familiar