Clínica e maneio de fauna selvagem em centros de recuperação
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2017-04-04
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A conservação de animais selvagens é um tema relativamente atual e cuja visibilidade e importância tem vindo a crescer exponencialmente nas últimas décadas. Os centros de recuperação de animais selvagens representam uma vertente crucial desta temática. Este relatório de estágio profissional baseia-se na experiência adquirida durante o período de estágio curricular num Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) no Brasil, na cidade de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil, durante um período aproximado de 3 meses (1/03/2015 – 11/06/2015). O projeto CETAS-Brasil engloba uma rede de centros de recuperação regidos pela entidade governamental Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Estima-se que por ano a totalidade dos CETAS recebem uma média de 50.000 animais, sendo que o CETAS de Goiânia recebe aproximadamente 4000 animais por ano. O primeiro capítulo descreve de forma sucinta a rotina do CETAS/GO assim como a legislação subjacente a cada fase da recuperação dos animais, o que permite ao leitor poder adquirir conhecimentos sobre a dinâmica do funcionamento dos CETAS no Brasil. De seguida é realizado um levantamento da casuística geral do CETAS bem como da casuística clínica durante o período de estágio. Durante este período, deram entrada no CETAS 785 animais, destes 72,9% pertenciam à classe Aves, 19,1% à classe Reptilia e 8% à classe Mammalia, oriundos de apreensões (42,02%) e de entregas voluntárias (30,45%), mas também de resgates (27,52%), sendo provenientes maioritariamente das mesoregiões centro e sul do estado de Goiás, entregues principalmente pelo corpo de bombeiros e forças policiais. Em termos de casuística clínica a classe Aves apresentou uma frequência mais elevada (66,67%), seguida de Mammalia (19,87%) e de Reptilia (13,46%). A maioria das animais apresentou lesões do foro musculosquelético como resultado de eventos traumáticos ou reflexos diretos de cativeiro ilegal. Destes animais 64,10% acabaram por resultar em óbito, sendo os restantes 35,95% destinados, a serem libertados ou encaminhados para cativeiro registado. Os últimos capítulos da tese estão dedicados ao desenvolvimento de dois casos clínicos, um de uma fratura da carapaça de um cágado-de-barbicha (Phrynops geoffroanus) e outro de uma doença metabólica óssea em sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata) pediátrico. O primeiro caso foi escolhido por representar a situação clínica mais comum em animais da ordem Chelonidae que dão entrada no CETAS e o segundo por ser um caso representativo dos desafios da criação de animais selvagens pediátricos. Ao longo de todo o trabalho é realizado apreciações construtivas sobre os aspetos positivos e negativos de toda a dinâmica de conservação de animais selvagens, desde a legislação, à rotina e ao modo de abordagem dos animais em recuperação, tornando-se evidente a necessidade urgente de alterações em todos estes aspetos. Ainda assim é de realçar o trabalho constante dos profissionais dedicados à conservação da vida selvagem, que continuam a lutar e a melhorar a sua eficácia ano após ano, mesmo na presença de tantas adversidades.
Wildlife conservation is a relatively actual subject and its visibility and importance has grown exponentially in the last decades. Wildlife rehabilitation centres are a crucial part of this subject. This professional internship report is based on the experience acquired during the curricular internship on a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Brazil, “Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS)”, based on the city of Goiânia (CETAS/GO), state of Goiás, Brazil, during a period of three mouths (1/03/2015 – 11/06/2015). The CETAS-Brazil project includes a net of wildlife rehabilitation centres controlled by the governmental entity “Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade” (ICMBio). It is estimated that an average of 50.000 animals are received annually by the wildlife rehabilitation centres of the CETAS-Brazil project, 4000 of which by CETAS/GO. The first chapter briefly describes the daily routine of CETAS/GO as well as the Brazilian law underlying each rehabilitation phase, which allows the reader to acquire knowledge on the dynamics of a CETAS routine. This chapter is followed by a survey of the general causes of admission in the CETAS/GO as well as the clinical cases present during the internship period. During this period of time, 785 animals were received in the CETAS/GO, of these 72,9% belonged to the Aves taxonomic class, 19,1% to Reptilia and 8% to the Mammalia class. They come from confiscations of illegally owned animals (42,02%), voluntary deliver (30,45%) and rescues (27,52%), and performed mostly by the police and firefighter forces, mainly in the centre and south areas of the Goiás state. Concerning the clinical cases, the Aves class was the most frequent (66,67%) class, followed by Mammalia (19,87%) and Reptilia (13,46%). Most animals were presented with musculoskeletal lesions as a result of traumatic events and as direct result of illegal captivity. Of these 64,10% deceased and the remaining 35,95% were destined to be released in the wild or to remain in captivity. The last chapters describe two clinical cases, one of a shell fracture of a Geoffroy's toadhead turtle (Phrynops geoffroanus) and one of a metabolic bone disease on a paediatric black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata). The first was chosen because it is the most common clinical presentation of wild individuals of the Chelonidae order in wildlife rehabilitation centres in Brazil and the second because is a representative case of the challenges of hand rearing paediatric wild animals. Through the entire report we made constructive comments on the positive and negative aspects of all the dynamics of wildlife conservation, from the law to the routine and the approach to animals in rehabilitation, and it becomes evident the urgent need for changes in all these aspects. Albeit it is important to highlight the constant work of the professionals dedicated to wildlife conservation, who continue to fight and improve the efficiency of their work each year even in the presence of so many adversities.
Wildlife conservation is a relatively actual subject and its visibility and importance has grown exponentially in the last decades. Wildlife rehabilitation centres are a crucial part of this subject. This professional internship report is based on the experience acquired during the curricular internship on a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Brazil, “Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS)”, based on the city of Goiânia (CETAS/GO), state of Goiás, Brazil, during a period of three mouths (1/03/2015 – 11/06/2015). The CETAS-Brazil project includes a net of wildlife rehabilitation centres controlled by the governmental entity “Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade” (ICMBio). It is estimated that an average of 50.000 animals are received annually by the wildlife rehabilitation centres of the CETAS-Brazil project, 4000 of which by CETAS/GO. The first chapter briefly describes the daily routine of CETAS/GO as well as the Brazilian law underlying each rehabilitation phase, which allows the reader to acquire knowledge on the dynamics of a CETAS routine. This chapter is followed by a survey of the general causes of admission in the CETAS/GO as well as the clinical cases present during the internship period. During this period of time, 785 animals were received in the CETAS/GO, of these 72,9% belonged to the Aves taxonomic class, 19,1% to Reptilia and 8% to the Mammalia class. They come from confiscations of illegally owned animals (42,02%), voluntary deliver (30,45%) and rescues (27,52%), and performed mostly by the police and firefighter forces, mainly in the centre and south areas of the Goiás state. Concerning the clinical cases, the Aves class was the most frequent (66,67%) class, followed by Mammalia (19,87%) and Reptilia (13,46%). Most animals were presented with musculoskeletal lesions as a result of traumatic events and as direct result of illegal captivity. Of these 64,10% deceased and the remaining 35,95% were destined to be released in the wild or to remain in captivity. The last chapters describe two clinical cases, one of a shell fracture of a Geoffroy's toadhead turtle (Phrynops geoffroanus) and one of a metabolic bone disease on a paediatric black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata). The first was chosen because it is the most common clinical presentation of wild individuals of the Chelonidae order in wildlife rehabilitation centres in Brazil and the second because is a representative case of the challenges of hand rearing paediatric wild animals. Through the entire report we made constructive comments on the positive and negative aspects of all the dynamics of wildlife conservation, from the law to the routine and the approach to animals in rehabilitation, and it becomes evident the urgent need for changes in all these aspects. Albeit it is important to highlight the constant work of the professionals dedicated to wildlife conservation, who continue to fight and improve the efficiency of their work each year even in the presence of so many adversities.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Animais selvagens , Centro de recuperação e reabilitação , Goiânia (Goiás, Brasil) , Conservação da biodiversidade , Aves , Mamíferos , Reptéis