Ecto e endoparasitas em animais de companhia: protocolos de desparasitação
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2017-04-04
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As parasitoses dos animais de companhia possuem um importante papel na sua saúde e bem-estar, podendo levar ao seu comprometimento. Também para o homem podem representar um perigo se falarmos nas zoonoses parasitárias. Os protocolos de desparasitação usados são pensados em função dos parasitas em questão e dos possíveis fatores de risco que podem potenciar o aparecimento de parasitismo.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal a recolha de amostras biológicas e a sua caracterização no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Porto (UPVet), de setembro a dezembro de 2015, de forma a verificar os ecto e endoparasitas que surgem diariamente na prática clínica, os potenciais fatores de risco que possam favorecer a sua presença e os protocolos de desparasitação mais utilizados.
Durante o período de estágio foi possível diagnosticar os ectoparasitas Ctenocephalides felis, Otodectes cynotis, parasitas do género Demodex e Sarcoptes scabiei, e os endoparasitas Toxocara canis, T. cati, Dipylidium caninum, Leishmania infantum e Babesia microti-like. Verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de T. canis e a idade inferior a 12 meses (p = 0,037). Também se observou que os animais parasitados, com ectoparasitas, apresentaram de forma significativa a presença de sinais clínicos compatíveis com a parasitose (p = 0,029). Relativamente aos protocolos de desparasitação, verificou-se que 62,2% e 67,6% dos animais estavam corretamente desparasitados externa e internamente, respetivamente, sendo a associação imidaclopride e permetrina a mais usada de ectoparasiticidas em cães (36,4%), e o imidaclopride nos gatos (33,3%), administrados mensalmente. Para os endoparasiticidas as associações febantel, pirantel e praziquantel e pirantel e praziquantel foram as mais utilizadas no cão e no gato, respetivamente (58,8% e 22,2%) em intervalos inferiores a quatro meses.
Face aos resultados encontrados neste estudo, e apesar de mais de metade dos animais incluídos no estudo estarem corretamente desparasitados, é importante não negligenciar as medidas profiláticas, incluindo a administração regular de antiparasitários, contribuindo assim para a diminuição da prevalência das infeções parasitárias.
Parasitic diseases of companion animals, dog and cat, play an important role on animal health and welfare. Furthermore, the zoonotic potential of some parasitic infections make them of public health importance. Antiparasitic protocols are established according to the parasites in question and the risk factors that may potentiate the parasitism. The main aim of this study was to collect biological samples and data, from September to December of 2015, in the Veterinary Hospital of University of Porto (UPVet) in order to identify the ecto and endoparasites that daily appear in the clinical practice, the potential risk factors that could support their presence and the most used antiparasitic protocols. During the time of practices, it was possible to diagnose the ectoparasites Ctenocephalides felis, Otodectes cynotis, Demodex genre and Sarcoptes scabiei and the endoparasites Toxocara canis, T. cati, Dipylidium caninum, Leishmania infantum and Babesia microti-like. A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of T. canis and age less than 12 months (p = 0.037). Animals with ectoparasites showed significant clinical signs compatible with the parasitosis (p = 0.029). Regarding the antiparasitic protocols, it was found that 62.2% and 66.7% of the studied animals were correctly dewormed against ecto and endoparasites respectively. The monthly association imidacloprid and permethrin was the most used ectoparasitic drugs in dogs (36.4%) and imidaclopride in cats (33.3%). For the endoparasitic drugs, the association febantel, pyrantel and praziquantel in dogs (58,8%) and pyrantel and praziquantel in cats (22.2%), at intervals less than four months, were the most frequently. In face of the present results, and even though more than half of the animals included in this study were correctly dewormed, preventive measures should not be neglected, including regular administration of antiparasitic drugs, contributing to a prevalence decrease in parasitic infections.
Parasitic diseases of companion animals, dog and cat, play an important role on animal health and welfare. Furthermore, the zoonotic potential of some parasitic infections make them of public health importance. Antiparasitic protocols are established according to the parasites in question and the risk factors that may potentiate the parasitism. The main aim of this study was to collect biological samples and data, from September to December of 2015, in the Veterinary Hospital of University of Porto (UPVet) in order to identify the ecto and endoparasites that daily appear in the clinical practice, the potential risk factors that could support their presence and the most used antiparasitic protocols. During the time of practices, it was possible to diagnose the ectoparasites Ctenocephalides felis, Otodectes cynotis, Demodex genre and Sarcoptes scabiei and the endoparasites Toxocara canis, T. cati, Dipylidium caninum, Leishmania infantum and Babesia microti-like. A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of T. canis and age less than 12 months (p = 0.037). Animals with ectoparasites showed significant clinical signs compatible with the parasitosis (p = 0.029). Regarding the antiparasitic protocols, it was found that 62.2% and 66.7% of the studied animals were correctly dewormed against ecto and endoparasites respectively. The monthly association imidacloprid and permethrin was the most used ectoparasitic drugs in dogs (36.4%) and imidaclopride in cats (33.3%). For the endoparasitic drugs, the association febantel, pyrantel and praziquantel in dogs (58,8%) and pyrantel and praziquantel in cats (22.2%), at intervals less than four months, were the most frequently. In face of the present results, and even though more than half of the animals included in this study were correctly dewormed, preventive measures should not be neglected, including regular administration of antiparasitic drugs, contributing to a prevalence decrease in parasitic infections.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Antiparasitários , Parasitos , Protocolos clínicos , Animais de estimação , Helmintologia veterinária