A avaliação motora de crianças dos 3 aos 5 anos: influência do perfil de supervisão e das habilitações académicas parentais
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2017-05-02
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O Desenvolvimento é um processo complexo onde ocorrem alterações em todos os domínios do indivíduo (Rodrigues, Saraiva, & Gabbard, 2005). Por ser um processo complexo e diferenciado, têm vindo a ser estudado pelas diferentes áreas, mas sabe-se que o Desenvolvimento Motor influencia significativamente o desenvolvimento afetivo, social e cognitivo (Fonseca, 2007). Tendo assim o Desenvolvimento Motor um papel preponderante na vida da criança, têm vindo a ser investigados os diversos fatores que o influenciam. Destes fatores destacam-se os fatores ambientais, como as habilitações academicas dos pais, as condições socio-economicas, as affordances, sendo todos estes fatores relativos ao ambiente familiar. O ambiente familiar pode ser favorecedor do Desenvolvimento ou inibidor da aquisição de competências. Para tal, foram realizados dois estudos transversais: o primeiro que visa compreender a relação do Perfil de Supervisão Parental com o Desenvolvimento Motor de crianças dos 3 aos 5 anos de idade. O Segundo estudo pretende verificar a relação do Desenvolvimento Motor de crianças dos 3 aos 5 anos com as habilitações académicas dos pais e com a frequência com que brinca na rua.
No primeiro estudo, verificamos que existe relação entre o QMG e a Proteção (p=0,04*) e a Tolerância (p=0,02*). Quanto às subescalas postura e manipulação de objetos observou-se uma relação muito significativa com a tolerância (p=0,003** e 0,01**, respetivamente). Ainda neste estudo, o QMF obteve uma relação estatisticamente significativa com a supervisão (p=0,04*). No segundo estudo, verificamos uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre as habilitações académicas do pai com o brincar na rua (p=0,001**) bem como as habilitações académicas da mãe com a postura (p=0,007**).
Com a realização destes estudos, concluímos que os pais devem ser mais tolerantes para promover a exploração espontânea de atividades motoras e assim potencializar o desenvolvimento motor global. Verificamos que a escolaridade da mãe parece relacionar estatisticamente com o comportamento postural e a escolaridade do pai tende a influenciar a frequência com que as crianças brincam e exploram os espaços exteriores.
The development is a complex process where changes occur in all areas of the individual (Rodrigues, Scott, & Gabbard, 2005). Being a complex and differentiated process, they have been studied by different areas, but it is known that the Development Engine significantly influences the emotional, social and cognitive development (Fonseca, 2007). thus having the Motor Development a leading role in the child's life have been investigated several factors that influence it. These factors include environmental factors such as academic qualifications of parents, the socio-economic conditions, the affordances, all of these factors related to family environment. The family environment may be favoring the development inhibitor or skills acquisition. For this, two cross-sectional studies were conducted: the first aimed at understanding the Parental Supervision profile relationship with the Motor Development of children from 3 to 5 years old. The second study aims to verify the development of the relationship children Engine 3 to 5 years with the educational qualifications of parents and how often you play in the street. In the first study, we found that there is a relationship between the MGQ and protection (p = 0.04 *) and tolerance (p = 0.02 *). As for the subscales posture and manipulation of objects we observed a significant relationship with the tolerance (p = 0.003 ** and 0.01 **, respectively). In the same study, QMF showed a statistically significant relationship with the supervision (p = 0.04 *). In the second study, we found a statistically significant relationship between the father's academic qualifications with play in the street (p = 0.001 **) as well as the educational attainment of the mother with the posture (p = 0.007 **). With these studies, we concluded that parents should be more tolerant to promote spontaneous exploration of motor activities and thus enhance the overall motor development. We found that the mother's education seems to relate statistically to the postural behavior and father's education tends to influence the frequency with which children play and explore the outdoors.
The development is a complex process where changes occur in all areas of the individual (Rodrigues, Scott, & Gabbard, 2005). Being a complex and differentiated process, they have been studied by different areas, but it is known that the Development Engine significantly influences the emotional, social and cognitive development (Fonseca, 2007). thus having the Motor Development a leading role in the child's life have been investigated several factors that influence it. These factors include environmental factors such as academic qualifications of parents, the socio-economic conditions, the affordances, all of these factors related to family environment. The family environment may be favoring the development inhibitor or skills acquisition. For this, two cross-sectional studies were conducted: the first aimed at understanding the Parental Supervision profile relationship with the Motor Development of children from 3 to 5 years old. The second study aims to verify the development of the relationship children Engine 3 to 5 years with the educational qualifications of parents and how often you play in the street. In the first study, we found that there is a relationship between the MGQ and protection (p = 0.04 *) and tolerance (p = 0.02 *). As for the subscales posture and manipulation of objects we observed a significant relationship with the tolerance (p = 0.003 ** and 0.01 **, respectively). In the same study, QMF showed a statistically significant relationship with the supervision (p = 0.04 *). In the second study, we found a statistically significant relationship between the father's academic qualifications with play in the street (p = 0.001 **) as well as the educational attainment of the mother with the posture (p = 0.007 **). With these studies, we concluded that parents should be more tolerant to promote spontaneous exploration of motor activities and thus enhance the overall motor development. We found that the mother's education seems to relate statistically to the postural behavior and father's education tends to influence the frequency with which children play and explore the outdoors.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física, Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança
Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento motor , Contexto familiar , Supervisão parental , Habilitações académicas parentais , Brincar na rua