Leishmaniose canina: estudo de casos na Cova da Beira
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2017-05-03
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As doenças caninas transmitidas por vetores (CVBD) constituem um problema mundial emergente, devido à sua frequência, morbilidade e mortalidade. A leishmaniose é uma doença zoonótica cujos agentes são transmitidos maioritariamente por insetos flebotomíneos, sendo o cão o reservatório principal do parasita Leishmania infantum. A leishmaniose canina (LCan) é uma doença parasitária de grande importância na bacia Mediterrânea e, em Portugal, a sub-região da Cova da Beira é conhecida pela elevada seroprevalência. Nesta área geográfica, na Clínica Veterinária da Covilhã (CVC), foi desenvolvido o presente estudo com o objetivo de caraterizar a população com LCan no momento do diagnóstico, em termos de género, idade, raça, estilo de vida, sinais clínicos, análises sanguíneas, meio de diagnóstico, mês do diagnóstico e tratamento instituído.
Dos 28 animais com LCan estudados, existe uma maior predominância de animais do sexo masculino e a maioria foi diagnosticada entre os 4 e os 9 anos. Os cães sem raça definida encontravam-se em menor número comparativamente aos cães de raça. Estiveram presentes animais de 12 raças diferentes, sendo os mais frequentes animais de grande porte. Em metade dos casos foi possível determinar que passavam a maior parte do tempo no exterior. Esta doença sistémica crónica foi caraterizada por um pleomorfismo de sinais clínicos e as manifestações clínicas predominantemente apresentadas foram as alterações dermatológicas. Outros sinais clínicos inespecíficos como perda de peso, linfadenomegalia, epistaxe, sinais oculares, gastrointestinais e articulares também foram reportados. Relativamente ao hemograma, a maioria apresentava anemia normocítica normocrómica. As principais alterações bioquímicas foram o aumento dos níveis séricos de ureia e de creatinina e a hiperproteinemia. O diagnóstico foi obtido na maioria das vezes pela combinação das técnicas serológicas qualitativa e quantitativa. O tratamento de eleição consistiu na combinação antimoniato de meglumina e alopurinol. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, numa zona endémica, a LCan é um diagnóstico diferencial importante a ter em conta, pois qualquer canídeo pode ser afetado e os sinais clínicos e achados clinicopatológicos são variados.
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) are an emerging global problem because of its frequency, morbidity and mortality. Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease whose agents are transmitted by sand flies mostly, the dog being the main reservoir of the parasite Leishmania infantum. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a parasitic disease of great importance in the Mediterranean basin and, in Portugal, the sub-region of Cova da Beira is known for the high seroprevalence. In this geographical area, the Clínica Veterinária da Covilhã (CVC), was developed this study in order to characterize the population CanL at diagnosis, in terms of gender, age, breed, lifestyle, clinical signs, blood tests, diagnostic procedures, month of diagnosis, and treatment. Of the 28 animals studied CanL, there is a predominance of male animals and most were diagnosed between 4 and 9 years. The mongrel dogs were fewer in number compared to purebred dogs. Attended animals of 12 different breeds, and the most common large animals. In half of the cases it was possible to determine that spent most of the time abroad. This chronic systemic disease was characterized by a polymorphism of clinical signs and clinical manifestations predominantly presented were dermatologic changes. Other nonspecific clinical signs such as weight loss, lymphadenopathy, epistaxis, ocular signs, gastrointestinal and joint have also been reported. Regarding the count blood cell, most showed normochromic normocytic anemia. The main biochemical changes were the increase in serum urea and creatinine and hyperproteinemia. The diagnosis was achieved in most cases by a combination of qualitative and quantitative serological techniques. The choice treatment consists in the combination of meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol. The results showed that in an endemic area, CanL is an important differential diagnosis to consider because any dog may be affected and the clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings are varied.
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) are an emerging global problem because of its frequency, morbidity and mortality. Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease whose agents are transmitted by sand flies mostly, the dog being the main reservoir of the parasite Leishmania infantum. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a parasitic disease of great importance in the Mediterranean basin and, in Portugal, the sub-region of Cova da Beira is known for the high seroprevalence. In this geographical area, the Clínica Veterinária da Covilhã (CVC), was developed this study in order to characterize the population CanL at diagnosis, in terms of gender, age, breed, lifestyle, clinical signs, blood tests, diagnostic procedures, month of diagnosis, and treatment. Of the 28 animals studied CanL, there is a predominance of male animals and most were diagnosed between 4 and 9 years. The mongrel dogs were fewer in number compared to purebred dogs. Attended animals of 12 different breeds, and the most common large animals. In half of the cases it was possible to determine that spent most of the time abroad. This chronic systemic disease was characterized by a polymorphism of clinical signs and clinical manifestations predominantly presented were dermatologic changes. Other nonspecific clinical signs such as weight loss, lymphadenopathy, epistaxis, ocular signs, gastrointestinal and joint have also been reported. Regarding the count blood cell, most showed normochromic normocytic anemia. The main biochemical changes were the increase in serum urea and creatinine and hyperproteinemia. The diagnosis was achieved in most cases by a combination of qualitative and quantitative serological techniques. The choice treatment consists in the combination of meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol. The results showed that in an endemic area, CanL is an important differential diagnosis to consider because any dog may be affected and the clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings are varied.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cão , Leishmaniose , Cova da Beira (Distrito de Castelo Branco, Portugal) , Doenças endémicas , Diagnóstico diferencial , Zoonoses