Não sejas dependente, escolhe ser diferente
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2017-05-05
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Este relatório diz respeito ao estágio desenvolvido no período de 8 de setembro a 19 de dezembro de 2014, na Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade de Lousada e Unidade de Saúde Pública de Paços de Ferreira, pertencentes ao Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde Tâmega III-Vale do Sousa Norte, e pretende descrever de forma crítica e reflexiva todo o percurso desenvolvido. Neste estágio, a principal atividade foi a implementação de um projeto de intervenção designado “Não sejas dependente, escolhe ser Diferente”, no âmbito do consumo de substâncias, procurando atuar nos determinantes de saúde no sentido de reduzir e prevenir o consumo de tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas em jovens na idade escolar. Os estilos de vida têm sido apontados como um dos fatores mais importantes na elaboração das propostas para a promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida das populações, inclusive dos jovens. Hoje em dia, as maiores causas de doença e mortalidade estão relacionadas com os estilos de vida, como o consumo de substâncias, o que significa que poderiam ser atenuadas se tomadas as opções corretas em relação à saúde.
A metodologia seguida foi a do planeamento em saúde, desde o diagnóstico de situação, já realizado no estágio anterior e a que este estágio deu seguimento, até à avaliação das intervenções. A amostra integrou 450 alunos da Escola Secundária de Lousada (ESL), cerca de 23,6% da população, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento, construído e validado para o efeito. Os dados foram tratados com recurso ao Statistical Package for the Social Science.
Do diagnóstico de situação destaca-se que a maioria dos alunos era do sexo feminino (60,2%), pertencia ao grupo etário dos 15-17 anos (46,9%) e frequentava o ensino secundário (62,9%). Em relação ao consumo de álcool, verificou-se que 70,7% dos jovens inquiridos já experimentou álcool, sendo a prevalência ligeiramente mais elevada no sexo feminino com 70,9%, em comparação com o sexo masculino, com 70,4%. Considerou-se que 40,9% dos jovens eram consumidores de álcool (uso no mês), em que o sexo masculino apresenta maior proporção (47,5%), em comparação com o sexo feminino (36,5%). Quanto ao consumo de tabaco, constatou-se que 34,7% dos jovens já experimentou tabaco, mas só 17,8% fumava habitualmente, dos quais o sexo masculino (44,1%) apresenta maior prevalência face ao sexo feminino (29,9%). A prevalência de consumo de drogas ilícitas foi de 13,3%, existindo maior prevalência no sexo masculino (19,5%) em relação ao sexo feminino (8,8%). Foi identificado um conjunto de problemáticas, entre as quais, o consumo de álcool, o consumo de tabaco e de drogas ilícitas, que foram priorizadas, tendo sido decidido intervir no consumo de substâncias.
As estratégias desenvolvidas centraram-se na realização de educação para a saúde sobre as consequências das drogas, em parceria com outras instituições, e com total adesão dos alunos e dos professores. A avaliação revela que as metas propostas foram amplamente ultrapassadas. Para além da implementação do projeto de intervenção, foram desenvolvidas nos dois contextos de estágio outras atividades, que nos permitiram desenvolver as competências sugeridas para o enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem comunitária e de saúde pública. Este projeto poderá ter continuidade na Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade, permitindo-lhe um melhor conhecimento da realidade da sua população e adequar melhor as intervenções futuras, consolidando os resultados das intervenções efetuadas.
This report concerns the internship carried out from september 8 to december 19 of 2014, in Community Unit Care of Lousada and Health Public Unit of Paços de Ferreira, belonging to the Tâmega III Health Centers Group – Vale do Sousa Norte and it intent´s to describe in a critical and reflective way, all the route developed. At this internship the main activity was the implementation of an intervention project designated “Don´t bean addict choose to be different”, in the substance abuse area, trying to act on health determinants in order to reduce tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs abuse in young people in school age. Lifestyles have been suggested as one of the most important factors in developing proposals for promoting the population health and the population life quality, including youth. Today the major causes of disease and mortality are related to lifestyles, such as substance abuse, which means it could be alleviated if the correct options in response to health were taken. The methodology followed was the Health Planning methodology, from the Situation Diagnostic, which was developed in the preceding internship, to watch this internship continued, until the evaluation of interventions. The sample joined 450 students from high school Lousada, about 23.6% of the population, to which it was applied a self-report questionnaire, developed and validated for this purpose. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science. The Situation Diagnostic noted that most of the students were female (60.2%), with ages between 15-17 years old (46.9%) and attending the Secondary Education (62.9 %). Regarding the alcohol consumption, it was found that 70.7% of the young people have tried alcohol, the prevalence of experimentation was slightly higher in females with 70.9% compared with 70.4% in males. Only 40.9% of young people were considered alcohol consumers (use in the month), in which the male had a higher proportion (47.5%) compared to females (36.5%). Regarding tobacco consumption, it was found that 34.7% of young people had experienced it, but only 17.8% smoked regularly, of which males (44.1%) had a higher prevalence compared to females (29, 9%). The prevalence of illicit drug use was 13.3% and was visible a higher prevalence in males (19.5%) compared to females (8.8%). It was identified a number of problems, including the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, which were prioritized and it was decided to intervene in substances abuse. Strategies that have been developed focused on conducting health education about the consequences of drugs, in partnership with other institutions and total membership of students and teachers. The evaluation shows that the proposed targets were largely exceeded. Beyond the implementation of the intervention project were developed in two internship contexts other activities, which allowed us to develop the recommended Competencies for Specialist Nurse Community and Public Health. This project may have continuity in the Unit Care in the Community, allowing a better understanding of the reality of population and better tailor future interventions, consolidating the results of interventions.
This report concerns the internship carried out from september 8 to december 19 of 2014, in Community Unit Care of Lousada and Health Public Unit of Paços de Ferreira, belonging to the Tâmega III Health Centers Group – Vale do Sousa Norte and it intent´s to describe in a critical and reflective way, all the route developed. At this internship the main activity was the implementation of an intervention project designated “Don´t bean addict choose to be different”, in the substance abuse area, trying to act on health determinants in order to reduce tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs abuse in young people in school age. Lifestyles have been suggested as one of the most important factors in developing proposals for promoting the population health and the population life quality, including youth. Today the major causes of disease and mortality are related to lifestyles, such as substance abuse, which means it could be alleviated if the correct options in response to health were taken. The methodology followed was the Health Planning methodology, from the Situation Diagnostic, which was developed in the preceding internship, to watch this internship continued, until the evaluation of interventions. The sample joined 450 students from high school Lousada, about 23.6% of the population, to which it was applied a self-report questionnaire, developed and validated for this purpose. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science. The Situation Diagnostic noted that most of the students were female (60.2%), with ages between 15-17 years old (46.9%) and attending the Secondary Education (62.9 %). Regarding the alcohol consumption, it was found that 70.7% of the young people have tried alcohol, the prevalence of experimentation was slightly higher in females with 70.9% compared with 70.4% in males. Only 40.9% of young people were considered alcohol consumers (use in the month), in which the male had a higher proportion (47.5%) compared to females (36.5%). Regarding tobacco consumption, it was found that 34.7% of young people had experienced it, but only 17.8% smoked regularly, of which males (44.1%) had a higher prevalence compared to females (29, 9%). The prevalence of illicit drug use was 13.3% and was visible a higher prevalence in males (19.5%) compared to females (8.8%). It was identified a number of problems, including the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, which were prioritized and it was decided to intervene in substances abuse. Strategies that have been developed focused on conducting health education about the consequences of drugs, in partnership with other institutions and total membership of students and teachers. The evaluation shows that the proposed targets were largely exceeded. Beyond the implementation of the intervention project were developed in two internship contexts other activities, which allowed us to develop the recommended Competencies for Specialist Nurse Community and Public Health. This project may have continuity in the Unit Care in the Community, allowing a better understanding of the reality of population and better tailor future interventions, consolidating the results of interventions.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária
Palavras-chave
Adolescente , Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas , Lousada (Porto, Portugal) , Hábito de fumar , Drogas ilícitas , Promoção da saúde