Território, identidade e conhecimento em comunidades tradicionais: os Quilombos de Itamatatiua e Santo Inácio e a relação com seu entorno natural e social
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2017-05-23
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As questões relacionadas ao estudo de comunidades tradicionais têm sido discutidas de forma constante ao longo dos últimos trinta anos, abordando as comunidades quilombolas, ribeirinhas, indígenas, dentre outras, sob as mais variadas vertentes. Laudos antropológicos, teses de mestrado e doutorado e diversas outras pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas afim de entender esses sítios e seu desenvolvimento. Quando se trata das comunidades quilombolas essas discussões se intensificam, sobretudo porque envolvem disputas de terra e novos conceitos que atuam como base na identificação e caracterização das comunidades quilombolas, considerando esses territórios étnicos como espaços importantes no desenvolvimento do Brasil, assim como seu processo histórico ao longo do tempo. No Maranhão, a presença das comunidades negras rurais quilombolas corresponde a uma grande parcela das comunidades tradicionais em todo o Brasil, possuindo o maior número de sítios num mesmo espaço territorial. Por isso, entender esses espaços sob a base de novas significações se torna importante quando se trata de comunidades étnicas, avaliando sobretudo a escassez de dados acerca desses sítios, no que tange à sua economia, relações sociais, patrimônio material e imaterial existentes e, em especial, quanto às problemáticas que envolvem a luta pela posse legal das terras que ocupam. Conceituado como quilombos contemporâneos ou ressignificados, esta tese estuda as noções de espaço, tempo e causalidade nas comunidades quilombolas de Santo Inácio e Itamatatiua, em Alcântara, MA, sob os vértices da Arqueologia, da Gestão do Território e Representações Sociais, abordando esses sítios sob variados temas, como organização territorial, relações de poder, cultura material e imaterial e economia. Destarte, o trabalho transcorrerá como forma de responder se comunidades mais integradas e com maior domínio de noções modernas de espaço, de tempo e causalidade têm maior capacidade de desenvolvimento e de resiliência. Para isso, um extensivo trabalho de campo foi realizado, permanecendo na comunidade por longos períodos, convivendo com os moradores e participando do cotidiano e atividades festivas. Uma gama extensiva de materiais foram levantados e as análises dos dados e as respostas para os objetivos propostos são apresentados ao longo deste trabalho.
The issues related to the study of traditional communities have been discussed in a constant way over the last thirty years, discussing the quilombola communities, riverain, indigenous people, among others, about the most varied aspects. Anthropological reports, masters and doctoral theses and several other studies have been conducted in order to understand these sites and their development. When it is about the quilombola communities these discussions intensify, especially because they involve territorial disputes and new concepts that operate as the basis of the identification and characterization of the quilombola communities, considering these ethnic territories as important areas in the development of Brazil, as well as its historical process over time. In Maranhao, the presence of quilombola rural black communities represents a large portion of traditional communities throughout Brazil, with the largest number of sites in the same territorial space. So understand these spaces from the perspective of new meanings becomes important when it is about ethnic communities, especially measuring the lack of datas on these sites, especially about the economy, social relations, material and immaterial heritage existing and particularly about issues involving the fight for legal ownership of the land they occupy. Conceptualized as contemporary or reinterpreted quilombos, this thesis studies the notions of space, time and causality in Santo Inácio and Itamatatiua quilombola communities in Alcântara, MA, from the perspective of the vertices of Archaeology, Territory Management and Social Representations, approaching those sites from in several themes such as territorial organization, power relations, material and immaterial culture and economy. Thus, the work proceed in order to respond if more integrated communities and with a bigger dominationry of modern notions of space, time and causality have greater capacity of development and resilience. For this, an extensive field work was done, staying in the community for long periods, living with the locals and participating in the daily and cultural activities. A wide range of materials were collected and the analysis of the datas and the answers to the proposed objectives are presented in this work.
The issues related to the study of traditional communities have been discussed in a constant way over the last thirty years, discussing the quilombola communities, riverain, indigenous people, among others, about the most varied aspects. Anthropological reports, masters and doctoral theses and several other studies have been conducted in order to understand these sites and their development. When it is about the quilombola communities these discussions intensify, especially because they involve territorial disputes and new concepts that operate as the basis of the identification and characterization of the quilombola communities, considering these ethnic territories as important areas in the development of Brazil, as well as its historical process over time. In Maranhao, the presence of quilombola rural black communities represents a large portion of traditional communities throughout Brazil, with the largest number of sites in the same territorial space. So understand these spaces from the perspective of new meanings becomes important when it is about ethnic communities, especially measuring the lack of datas on these sites, especially about the economy, social relations, material and immaterial heritage existing and particularly about issues involving the fight for legal ownership of the land they occupy. Conceptualized as contemporary or reinterpreted quilombos, this thesis studies the notions of space, time and causality in Santo Inácio and Itamatatiua quilombola communities in Alcântara, MA, from the perspective of the vertices of Archaeology, Territory Management and Social Representations, approaching those sites from in several themes such as territorial organization, power relations, material and immaterial culture and economy. Thus, the work proceed in order to respond if more integrated communities and with a bigger dominationry of modern notions of space, time and causality have greater capacity of development and resilience. For this, an extensive field work was done, staying in the community for long periods, living with the locals and participating in the daily and cultural activities. A wide range of materials were collected and the analysis of the datas and the answers to the proposed objectives are presented in this work.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Quaternário Materiais e Culturas
Palavras-chave
Arqueologia histórica , Territorialidade , Património , Quilombos