Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) como agente etiológico de lesões subcutâneas purulentas em coelhos para consumo (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Ficheiros
Data
2017-06-12
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, a carne de coelho tem vindo a ganhar uma grande importância na alimentação humana, tanto pelas suas características nutricionais como dietéticas. Consequentemente, a garantia da segurança sanitária ao longo da fileira de produção de carne de coelho, na qual se inclui a inspeção sanitária, tem-se tornado indispensável.
Staphylococcus aureus são bactérias gram-positivas, podendo causar processos supurativos, mastite e piodermite tanto no Homem como nos animais. Em coelhos, as manifestações clínicas mais características associadas a infeções por Staphylococcus aureus são a dermatite exsudativa em coelhos lactantes e lesões purulentas subcutâneos em coelhos de várias idades. Nos coelhos abatidos para consumo, estas infeções constituem um problema significativo na rejeição de carcaças no decurso da inspeção sanitária em matadouro. Staphylococcus aureus é um agente patogénico associado a taxas de mortalidade e morbilidade elevadas, tendo capacidade para produzir infeções em vários tecidos do corpo humano. Preocupante para a saúde pública é a sua elevada capacidade de adquirir resistência aos antibióticos, podendo assim, sobreviver às mais diversas circunstâncias ambientais.
Como tal, este estudo teve como principal objetivo identificar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus em lesões purulentas de carcaças de coelhos provenientes de matadouro, assim como analisar o significado de MRSA nestas lesões. De acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro trabalho realizado em Portugal sobre a identificação de MRSA em lesões purulentas de coelhos.
Realizaram-se técnicas microbiológicas, recorrendo a meios diferenciais, permitindo identificar a presença de estafilococos, assim como técnicas moleculares, utilizando genes de interesse: 16S, mecA e nuc, que permitiram a identificação rápida de Staphylococcus aureus, assim como a deteção de resistência à meticilina em estafilococos.
Foi possível verificar a presença de MRSA em 14 animais, num total de 66 analisados. Destes, foi possível analisar 83 isolados. Trata-se de um valor preocupante devido ao risco que pode representar em termos de contaminações cruzadas ao longo da linha de abate e também devido às consequentes perdas económicas para o produtor, visto que as lesões abcessiformes são a principal causa de rejeição em matadouro. A contaminação cruzada é um aspeto preocupante visto que a transmissão pode ser feita por um simples contacto. Existe uma elevada probabilidade de haver conspurcação dos materiais na linha de abate e, até mesmo, a infeção
dos próprios trabalhadores, podendo-se traduzir num prolema de saúde pública de caráter ocupacional caso não sejam implementadas medidas de proteção adequadas.
Os resultados descritos no presente trabalho permitem melhorar o nível de conhecimento das lesões purulentas para, futuramente, ser possível a implementação de medidas de controlo mais eficazes.
In recent years, rabbit meat has gained a great importance in human nutrition, because of its nutritional and dietary characteristics. Consequently, the guarantee of health safety along the rabbit meat production line, which includes the sanitary inspection, has become indispensable. Staphylococcus aureus are gram-positive bacteria, which can cause suppurative processes, mastitis and pyoderma in both humans and animals. In rabbits, the most characteristic clinical manifestations associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections are exudative dermatitis in lactating rabbits and subcutaneous purulent lesions in rabbits of various ages. In rabbits slaughtered for consumption, these infections constitute a significant problem in the rejection of carcasses during the sanitary inspection at the slaughterhouse. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, being able to produce infections in various tissues of the human body. Concern for public health is the high capacity of acquiring resistance to antibiotics, thus being able to survive the most diverse environmental circumstances. As such, the objective of this study is to identify the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in purulent lesions of rabbit carcass from slaughterhouse, as well as to analyze the significance of MRSA in these lesions. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first work carried out in Portugal on the identification of MRSA in purulent lesions of rabbits. Microbiological techniques were used, using differential means to identify the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Molecular techniques were also used, using genes of interest: 16S, mecA and nuc, which allow the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the detection of resistance to methicillin. It was possible to verify the presence of MRSA in 14 animals, in a total of 66 analyzed. Of these, it was possible to analyze 83 isolates. This is worrying because of the risk it may pose in terms of cross-contamination along the slaughter line and also because of the consequent economic losses to the farmer, since abcessiform lesions are the main cause of slaughter rejection. Cross-contamination is of concern because transmission can be done by simple contact. There is a high likelihood of material contamination in the slaughter line and even infection of the workers themselves. This translates into an occupational public health problem if adequate protective measures are not implemented. The results described in this study allow to improve the level of knowledge of purulent lesions in order to be able to implement more effective control measures in the future.
In recent years, rabbit meat has gained a great importance in human nutrition, because of its nutritional and dietary characteristics. Consequently, the guarantee of health safety along the rabbit meat production line, which includes the sanitary inspection, has become indispensable. Staphylococcus aureus are gram-positive bacteria, which can cause suppurative processes, mastitis and pyoderma in both humans and animals. In rabbits, the most characteristic clinical manifestations associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections are exudative dermatitis in lactating rabbits and subcutaneous purulent lesions in rabbits of various ages. In rabbits slaughtered for consumption, these infections constitute a significant problem in the rejection of carcasses during the sanitary inspection at the slaughterhouse. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, being able to produce infections in various tissues of the human body. Concern for public health is the high capacity of acquiring resistance to antibiotics, thus being able to survive the most diverse environmental circumstances. As such, the objective of this study is to identify the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in purulent lesions of rabbit carcass from slaughterhouse, as well as to analyze the significance of MRSA in these lesions. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first work carried out in Portugal on the identification of MRSA in purulent lesions of rabbits. Microbiological techniques were used, using differential means to identify the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Molecular techniques were also used, using genes of interest: 16S, mecA and nuc, which allow the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the detection of resistance to methicillin. It was possible to verify the presence of MRSA in 14 animals, in a total of 66 analyzed. Of these, it was possible to analyze 83 isolates. This is worrying because of the risk it may pose in terms of cross-contamination along the slaughter line and also because of the consequent economic losses to the farmer, since abcessiform lesions are the main cause of slaughter rejection. Cross-contamination is of concern because transmission can be done by simple contact. There is a high likelihood of material contamination in the slaughter line and even infection of the workers themselves. This translates into an occupational public health problem if adequate protective measures are not implemented. The results described in this study allow to improve the level of knowledge of purulent lesions in order to be able to implement more effective control measures in the future.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar
Palavras-chave
Segurança alimentar , Staphylococcus aureus , Coelhos , HACCP (Sistema de análise dos pontos críticos de controlo) , Lesões purulentas