Estudos dos efeitos de um novo equipamento de hidroginástica: efeitos do H2UMP, a diferentes ritmos musicais, nas adaptações biomecânicas em mulheres
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2017
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Introdução: As atividades aquáticas na posição vertical, nestes últimos anos têm tido uma crescente procura por mulheres adultas, possibilitou uma promoção incrível desta modalidade, havendo a necessidade de diversificar cada vez mais a aulas, recorrendo aos diferentes equipamentos disponíveis e apropriados para o meio aquático, sendo a oportunidade perfeita de investir na criação de novos equipamentos ajustados às necessidades que hoje em dia a sociedade nos impõe. Para além disso, a hidroginástica é hoje em dia, considerada uma das mais importantes atividades físicas dentro do sistema de prevenção da saúde, contudo são poucos os artigos publicados relativos ao estudo da influência da utilização dos equipamentos nas adaptações fisiológicas, biomecânicas e eletromiografias.
Objetivo: Com o presente estudo pretendeu-se criar um novo equipamento de hidroginástica que desafie a hidrodinâmica com a maximização dos recursos energéticos, aumentando a resistência oposta ao deslocamento dos membros inferiores de forma ergonómica, com a minimização de riscos para a saúde e acessível a qualquer pessoa. E caracteriza-lo, estudando os efeitos que este promove a diferentes ritmos musicais na perceção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), cinemática e eletromiografia (EMG) do movimento básico de hidroginástica, corrida estacionária com os membros superiores em contra lateralidade com os membros inferiores em mulheres jovens.
Métodos: Com o recurso ao software AutoCAD (computer aided design, 2007) projetou-se um equipamento com duas funcionalidades: uma em que duas superfícies flexíveis se encaixam numa base, que por sua vez é apoiada no fundo da piscina (H2UMP®S) onde se fazem saltos, simulações de corrida, chutes (laterais, para frente e para trás) e elevações dos joelhos em cima da superfície flexível; outra em que, cada superfície flexível se fixa aos pés (H2UMP®B), onde o pé assenta numa base rígida onde se podem fazer saltos, simulações de corrida e elevações dos joelhos. Foram estabelecidos contatos com algumas empresas e praticantes de hidroginástica com intuito de melhorar e desenvolver o produto. De forma a valida-lo, foram submetidas a este estudo 16 jovens mulheres que realizaram um teste de esforço máximo aquático. Passadas 48 horas foi aplicado o protocolo experimental que consistia na execução do movimento básico de hidroginástica, corrida estacionária com flexão da coxa a 90o e com ação dos membros superiores em contra lateralidade com os membros inferiores, com a água ao nível do apêndice xifoide, em três situações diferentes, realizadas de forma aleatória: corrida estacionária dentro de água sem equipamento, com o novo equipamento calçado (H2UMP®B) e sobre o novo equipamento (H2UMP®S). A tarefa
experimental consistiu num protocolo incremental e progressivo de patamares de um minuto em cada uma das cadências musicais (120, 135, 150, 165 e 180 batidas por minuto (bpm)), com quinze segundos entre patamares e trinta a quarenta e cinco minutos de descanso entre testes. Neste estudo foram recolhidos dados da PSE, cinemáticos e EMG.
Conclusão: A implementação do H2UMP® nas aulas de hidroginástica, pode ser considerada como uma estratégia para aumentar a intensidade da aula quando se utiliza a corrida estacionária, uma vez que se verificou um aumento da velocidade na transição de cadências musicais baixas para cadências musicais altas com eficaz manutenção da amplitude do movimento em coerência com o ritmo musical solicitado, com valores superiores para este em comparação à corrida realizada sem equipamento. Para além disso, o incremento da cadência musical terá como repercussão o aumento da velocidade de deslocamento do movimento ao executar a corrida estacionária com a água ao nível do apêndice xifoide, sem prejuízo da amplitude de deslocamento.
Introduction: In the last few years, there has been an increasing demand for aquatic physical activities in the vertical position, mainly by adult women. This has made possible an incredible promotion of this modality, with the need to diversify classes more and more, using the different equipment available and suitable for the aquatic environment, being the perfect opportunity to invest in the creation of new equipment adjusted to the needs that today society imposes us. In addition to this, water aerobics is now considered one of the most important physical activities within the health prevention system, however, few articles have been published on the study of the influence of the use of equipment on the physiological, biomechanical and electromyography adaptations. Purpose: The present study intends to create a new equipment of water aerobics that challenges hydrodynamics with the maximization of the energetic resources, increasing the resistance opposite to the displacemente of the inferior members of ergonomic and stimulating form, minimizing health risks and available to everyone, and characterize it, studying the effects that this promotes to different musical rhythms in the subjective perception of effort (PSE), Kinematics and electromyography (EGM) of the basic water aerobics movements, stationary rum with flexion and extension of the elbow in young women. Mehods: With AutoCAD software (computer aided design, 2007) an equipment with two functionalities was designed: one in which two flexible surfaces engage a base, which in turn is supported on the bottom of the pool (H2UMP®S) where jumps, running simulations, kicks and knee elevations are placed on top of the flexible surface; other where each flexible surface is attached to the feet (H2UMP®B), where the foot rests on a rigid base where jumps, running simulations and knee elevations can be made. Contacts were established with some companies and practitioners of water aerobics in order to improve and develop the product. 16 young women who underwent a maximum water stress test were submitted. After 48 hours the experimental protocol was applied, which consisted of the execution of the basic movement of hydrogymnastics, stationary running with 90 ° flexion of the thigh and with elbow extension and flexion, with water at the level of the xiphoid appendix, in three different situations, carried out randomly: stationary running in water without equipment, with new footwear (H2UMP®B) and on the new equipment (H2UMP®S). The experimental task consisted of an incremental and progressive protocol of one-minute steps in each of the musical cadences (120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 beats per minute (bpm), with fifteen seconds between levels and 30 to 45 minutes of rest between tests. In this study data was collected from PSE, kinematics and EGM. Conclusion: The increase of the musical cadence will have as repercussion the increase of the speed of displacement of the movement when executing the stationary race with the water at the level of the xiphoid appendix, as a way to increase the intensity of the class, since there was an increase int the speed of the transition from low musical cadences to high musical cadences, with effective maintenace of the amplitude of movement in coherence with the requested musical rythm, with higher values for this when compared to running without equipment.
Introduction: In the last few years, there has been an increasing demand for aquatic physical activities in the vertical position, mainly by adult women. This has made possible an incredible promotion of this modality, with the need to diversify classes more and more, using the different equipment available and suitable for the aquatic environment, being the perfect opportunity to invest in the creation of new equipment adjusted to the needs that today society imposes us. In addition to this, water aerobics is now considered one of the most important physical activities within the health prevention system, however, few articles have been published on the study of the influence of the use of equipment on the physiological, biomechanical and electromyography adaptations. Purpose: The present study intends to create a new equipment of water aerobics that challenges hydrodynamics with the maximization of the energetic resources, increasing the resistance opposite to the displacemente of the inferior members of ergonomic and stimulating form, minimizing health risks and available to everyone, and characterize it, studying the effects that this promotes to different musical rhythms in the subjective perception of effort (PSE), Kinematics and electromyography (EGM) of the basic water aerobics movements, stationary rum with flexion and extension of the elbow in young women. Mehods: With AutoCAD software (computer aided design, 2007) an equipment with two functionalities was designed: one in which two flexible surfaces engage a base, which in turn is supported on the bottom of the pool (H2UMP®S) where jumps, running simulations, kicks and knee elevations are placed on top of the flexible surface; other where each flexible surface is attached to the feet (H2UMP®B), where the foot rests on a rigid base where jumps, running simulations and knee elevations can be made. Contacts were established with some companies and practitioners of water aerobics in order to improve and develop the product. 16 young women who underwent a maximum water stress test were submitted. After 48 hours the experimental protocol was applied, which consisted of the execution of the basic movement of hydrogymnastics, stationary running with 90 ° flexion of the thigh and with elbow extension and flexion, with water at the level of the xiphoid appendix, in three different situations, carried out randomly: stationary running in water without equipment, with new footwear (H2UMP®B) and on the new equipment (H2UMP®S). The experimental task consisted of an incremental and progressive protocol of one-minute steps in each of the musical cadences (120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 beats per minute (bpm), with fifteen seconds between levels and 30 to 45 minutes of rest between tests. In this study data was collected from PSE, kinematics and EGM. Conclusion: The increase of the musical cadence will have as repercussion the increase of the speed of displacement of the movement when executing the stationary race with the water at the level of the xiphoid appendix, as a way to increase the intensity of the class, since there was an increase int the speed of the transition from low musical cadences to high musical cadences, with effective maintenace of the amplitude of movement in coherence with the requested musical rythm, with higher values for this when compared to running without equipment.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Hidroginástica , Cinemática , Eletromiografia , Cadência musical , Perceção subjetiva do esforço