Acompanhamento na produção de tomate em estufa, realçando a fitossanidade
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2017
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A cultura do tomate na região do Entre Douro e Minho possui uma enorme influência económica, com importantes implicações em diversas atividades. Tendo em conta a atual conjuntura económica vivida em Portugal e o enorme interesse por parte dos produtores em diminuir ao máximo os custos de produção, para aumentar a sua competitividade e a margem de lucro, o estudo de diminuição dos custos ao nível dos tratamentos fitossanitários que representam uma grande fatia dos custos de produção, torna-se um aspeto importante não só pela poupança económica que a sua redução trará, mas também uma diminuição no impacto ambiental e saúde pública.
O estágio realizado no âmbito deste trabalho foi efetuado, numa exploração agrícola em Santo Tirso, possuindo como objetivo principal encontrar possibilidade de redução da quantidade dos tratamentos fitossanitários realizados ao longo do ciclo cultural da cultura de tomate, sem colocar em causa o objetivo de produção máximo previsto para a variedade utilizada.
A variedade de tomate utilizada foi a Anairis, denominada de tomate redondo, caracterizada por ter um ciclo precoce, a forma arredondada e um calibre médio.
Efectuou-se um acompanhamento diário da cultura, ao longo do ciclo vegetativo tendo sido observados e identificados os sintomas da presença dos ataques dos inimigos da cultura.
Após a realização deste estágio constata-se, que foi a estufa C, onde foi aplicada a redução de 10% na quantidade de substância activa dos pesticidas utilizados, que apresentou o melhor custo/benefício, comprovando assim, que é possível uma redução dos custos de produção, bem como um menor impacto ambiental, saúde pública e redução do desenvolvimento de resistências por parte das pragas e doenças, sem comprometer a produção e o ciclo da cultura.
The tomato crop in the region between Douro and Minho has an enormous and recognized economic influence with important implications in many inherent activities, taking into account the current economic situation experienced in Portugal, and the huge interest from producers maximally reduce the production costs, to increase their ability to compete and so their profit margin, the study of lower costs in terms of phytosanitary treatments that represent a large share of production costs, it is an important aspect not only for economic savings that reducing bring but also a decrease in the environmental impact. In this context, the test was performed in 3 tunnels on a farm in Santo Tirso, having the main objective of finding a quantity reduction percentage applied to various pesticide treatments carried out over the cultural cycle of the tomato crop, without jeopardizing the maximum production objective provided for cultural variety used. As study object appealed to the variety Anairis called round tomato, characterized by an early cycle, rounded shape and an average diameter. The monitoring was performed daily along the vegetative evolution of culture, which was observed and identified the symptoms of diseases and pests, using methods of symptom. After this stage, it was verified that it was the stove C, where the 10% reduction in the amount of active substance of the pesticides used was applied, which presented the best cost / benefit, thus proving that a reduction in costs is possible Production, as well as less environmental impact, public health and reduced development of resistance by pests and diseases, without compromising crop production and cycle.
The tomato crop in the region between Douro and Minho has an enormous and recognized economic influence with important implications in many inherent activities, taking into account the current economic situation experienced in Portugal, and the huge interest from producers maximally reduce the production costs, to increase their ability to compete and so their profit margin, the study of lower costs in terms of phytosanitary treatments that represent a large share of production costs, it is an important aspect not only for economic savings that reducing bring but also a decrease in the environmental impact. In this context, the test was performed in 3 tunnels on a farm in Santo Tirso, having the main objective of finding a quantity reduction percentage applied to various pesticide treatments carried out over the cultural cycle of the tomato crop, without jeopardizing the maximum production objective provided for cultural variety used. As study object appealed to the variety Anairis called round tomato, characterized by an early cycle, rounded shape and an average diameter. The monitoring was performed daily along the vegetative evolution of culture, which was observed and identified the symptoms of diseases and pests, using methods of symptom. After this stage, it was verified that it was the stove C, where the 10% reduction in the amount of active substance of the pesticides used was applied, which presented the best cost / benefit, thus proving that a reduction in costs is possible Production, as well as less environmental impact, public health and reduced development of resistance by pests and diseases, without compromising crop production and cycle.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica
Palavras-chave
Tomate (Anairis) , Cultura , Entre Douro e Minho (Portugal) , Pragas , Doenças