Avaliação do potencial da utilização de veículos aéreos não tripulados na investigação de acidentes de viação
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2017-11-07
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A investigação de acidentes rodoviários é um tema contemporâneo e em elevado desenvolvimento,
havendo, atualmente, cada vez mais entidades privadas e públicas a investir no
sentido de perceber quais as causas que envolvem o acidente, desenvolvendo novas técnicas e
metodologias para a reconstituição dos eventos que o originaram. No entanto, a tarefa de recolha
de dados no local do acidente não é, geralmente, focada com a mesma orientação e relevância.
Assim, pretende-se atingir o fim (reconstrução do acidente), mas ainda sem ter os
meios.
Investigar este tipo de acidente requer um equilíbrio entre dois requisitos fundamentais,
mas concorrentes: a recolha de informação, processo minucioso e moroso, e a necessidade de
reabrir, o mais rapidamente possível, a via ao tráfego, permitindo que este flua novamente.
Este documento apresenta um trabalho inovador e que pretende avaliar o potencial de
um novo método de investigação de acidentes de viação, baseado na utilização de Veículos
Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT, também conhecidos por UAV ou drones) de pequenas dimensões
e de baixo peso. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em colaboração com a Polícia de Segurança
Pública (PSP), Comando Distrital de Vila Real e apresenta uma solução completa, concebida
para recolher as informações/indícios no local do acidente. Esta nova metodologia de
obtenção de informação no local do acidente, suportada na utilização de drones, constituirá
uma peça fundamental na futura metodologia de reconstrução e medição de acidentes de viação,
sendo mais rápida, rigorosa e segura, sendo integrada numa aplicação informática capaz
de gerar modelos tridimensionais do acidente e da área envolvente, permitindo, desta forma,
obter todas as medições necessárias a posteriori e restringindo o processo de recolha de informações
de campo a alguns minutos. O sistema proposto oferece, por isso, uma gama de
ferramentas, com base em imagens aéreas, possibilitando, às equipas de investigação, os meios
de recolha de indícios (provas) necessários para reduzir o tempo e os recursos alocados ao
processo de levantamento e de recolha de informação.
O reconhecimento deste trabalho surgiu quando, no primeiro trimestre deste ano, fomos
contactados pela Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária (ANSR) a fim de realizarmos
uma apresentação para a ANSR, a Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) e a PSP. As três instituições estiveram representadas ao mais alto nível na UTAD e como resultado surgiu o acordo de, até ao final do ano, formarmos três equipas da GNR e outras três da PSP, para que possam aplicar a metodologia apresentada neste documento.
Traffic collisions’ investigation is a contemporary and under high development issue, with more private and public entities investing in the sense of perceiving an accident’s causes and developing new techniques and methodologies for reconstituting the events which caused it. However, the task of collecting data at the crash site is not usually focused with the same orientation and relevance, i.e. it is intended to achieve the end (accident’s reconstruction), but still without the means. To research this type of accidents requires a balance between two fundamental but competing requirements: the collection of information, which is a time-consuming and painstaking process, and the need to reopen the road to traffic as quickly as possible, allowing it to flow again. This document presents an innovative work that intends to evaluate the potential of a new method to investigate traffic collisions based on the use of small light weighted Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also known as drones). The work was developed with the Portuguese Public Security Police (PSP), District Command of Vila Real, and presents a complete solution, designed to reconstruct and measure traffic collisions. It originates a new method – faster, accurate and secure - for traffic collisions’ investigation and reconstruction, consisting of a computer application capable of generating three-dimensional models of the accident and the surrounding area. As such, it allows obtaining all necessary measurements later, restricting the process of gathering field information to a few minutes. In the first quarter of this year, the contact of the National Authority for the Road Safety (ANSR) represented the recognition of this work. A public presentation of the project was performed for GNR and PSP that were represented at a high level. As a consequence of this presentation an agreement was set to form, until the end of 2017, 3 GNR teams and 3 PSP teams, so that they can apply our methodology.
Traffic collisions’ investigation is a contemporary and under high development issue, with more private and public entities investing in the sense of perceiving an accident’s causes and developing new techniques and methodologies for reconstituting the events which caused it. However, the task of collecting data at the crash site is not usually focused with the same orientation and relevance, i.e. it is intended to achieve the end (accident’s reconstruction), but still without the means. To research this type of accidents requires a balance between two fundamental but competing requirements: the collection of information, which is a time-consuming and painstaking process, and the need to reopen the road to traffic as quickly as possible, allowing it to flow again. This document presents an innovative work that intends to evaluate the potential of a new method to investigate traffic collisions based on the use of small light weighted Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also known as drones). The work was developed with the Portuguese Public Security Police (PSP), District Command of Vila Real, and presents a complete solution, designed to reconstruct and measure traffic collisions. It originates a new method – faster, accurate and secure - for traffic collisions’ investigation and reconstruction, consisting of a computer application capable of generating three-dimensional models of the accident and the surrounding area. As such, it allows obtaining all necessary measurements later, restricting the process of gathering field information to a few minutes. In the first quarter of this year, the contact of the National Authority for the Road Safety (ANSR) represented the recognition of this work. A public presentation of the project was performed for GNR and PSP that were represented at a high level. As a consequence of this presentation an agreement was set to form, until the end of 2017, 3 GNR teams and 3 PSP teams, so that they can apply our methodology.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Informática
Palavras-chave
Acidentes rodoviários , Reconstrução , Drones , Recolha de informação