Necessidade da aprendizagem da língua inglesa para trabalho e estudo: uma abordagem baseada na educação de jovens e adultos proposta por Paulo Freire
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2018-02-22
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Na presente tese, tratamos sobre o processo de educação de jovens e adultos e de como este tem de ter uma clara intenção de produzir aprendizagem, não importando qual seja seu conteúdo (dos níveis mais básicos dos processos de alfabetização até a qualificação universitária), nível e método. Através da educação, o educando deve melhorar as suas competências técnicas e/ou profissionais como também, caso seja necessário, reorientá-las. A intenção última desta tese é mostrar que os jovens e adultos tem suas próprias vivências e necessidades e precisam de um ensino instrumental na área da aprendizagem de um segundo idioma, que valorize seu conhecimento do mundo para que possa atender suas próprias necessidades e as da sociedade em que vive. A investigação aconteceu com uma abordagem baseada na educação de jovens e adultos proposta por Paulo Freire (1963, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1983,1989) como também autores clássicos e contemporâneos como Chomsky (1957), Paiva (2004), Krashen (1988), Lewis (1997), Leffa (2000), Nunan (1988) e Hutchinson e Waters (1992), Marope, Chakroun e Holmes (2015), dentre outros. Objetivando propor e comprovar a eficácia de uma abordagem do ensino instrumental da língua inglesa no processo de ensino e aprendizagem proposto por Paulo Freire, iniciamos nosso percurso nos caminhos da educação de Jovens Adultos, utilizando material didático elaborado para este propósito aliado às TIC. A aprendizagem de um segundo idioma auxilia o educando a desenvolver as habilidades comunicativas necessárias para o mundo do trabalho. Este é o foco principal da educação e formação técnica e profissional (TVET) em todo o mundo, que está preocupada com a aquisição pelo trabalhador de conhecimentos e competências para o mundo do trabalho, pois é clara a evidência de que o crescimento econômico está intimamente relacionado com as habilidades cognitivas da força de trabalho. A pesquisa aconteceu dentro do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo Campus São Mateus, nos cursos Técnico Integrado em Mecânica, Técnico Integrado em Eletrotécnica, Técnico Concomitante em Mecânica e Técnico Concomitante em Eletrotécnica, como também nos projetos de extensão: “Transferência de Tecnologia e Treinamento em Inglês: Informação e Imersão nas Culturas e Práticas de Trabalho – Intercâmbio para Trainees Técnicos em Cingapura; “Dicionário Técnico Online Integrando o Projeto SamaBaja à Língua Inglesa” e no programa de extensão PRONATEC através do programa Mulheres Mil. Os participantes do estudo foram representados por 141 alunos dos cursos técnicos integrados em Mecânica e Eletrotécnica de 2013 a 2015; 108 alunos dos cursos Técnicos Concomitantes em Mecânica e Eletrotécnica de 2014 a 2015; 84 alunos no projeto Cingapura de 2013 a 2015 e 12 alunas do Curso Camareiras em Meios de Hospedagem, do programa Mulheres Mil – Pronatec em 2013. Por entender que a pesquisa-ação é em sua concepção a mais adequada para os objetivos propostos, convivemos com a realidade da sala de aula para a construção dos dados, pois, “o chão da sala de aula foi feito para nos aventurarmos na pesquisa”, por isso utilizamos procedimentos e instrumentos característicos da pesquisa-ação. Os resultados foram alcançados através da aplicação do Manual Didático, desenvolvido especialmente para turmas de jovens e adultos com necessidades específicas em relação à aprendizagem da língua inglesa para trabalho e estudo. Junto ao Manual Didático utilizamos também recursos multimídia para apreensão de vocabulário específico e aspectos culturais relativos à língua inglesa. Os resultados apontam que a aprendizagem variou de acordo com o grau de interesse na área de atuação profissional e o filtro afetivo usado por cada aprendiz. Através destas 30 horas iniciais, os alunos, não importando o grau de conhecimento inicial em que se encontravam, passaram de um conhecimento TOEFL que variava de 20 a 300 pontos para respectivamente 200 a 450 pontos. Estes resultados obtidos foram analisados de acordo com o Quadro Comum Europeu de Referência de Línguas. As análises indicaram a necessidade de uma maior aproximação da escola com o aprendiz de modo a promover a reestruturação e a adequação de práticas educativas que correspondam às exigências da sociedade pós-industrial, fundada em novas tecnologias de informação e de comunicação.
In this thesis, we deal with the process of youth and adult education and how this process must have a clear intention of producing learning, no matter what its contents (the most basic levels of literacy processes to the graduation qualifications), level and method. Through education, students must improve their technical and/or professional skills as well as, if necessary, redirect them. We also want to show with this thesis that youth and adults have their own experiences and needs and it is necessary an instrumental teaching when learning a second language, that here is related to English language, which enhances their world knowledge so they can meet their own needs and those of society in which they live. Research happened in an approach based on youth and adult education proposed by Paulo Freire (1963, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1983.1989) as well as classic and contemporary authors as Chomsky (1957), Paiva (2004), Krashen (1988) Lewis (1997), Leffa (2000), Nunan (1988) and Hutchinson e Waters (1992), Marope, Chakroun e Holmes (2015), among others. We aim to propose and prove the effectiveness of an Instrumental English teaching approach using the teaching and learning process proposed by Paulo Freire. We have started our journey using teaching materials developed for this purpose coupled to TIC. Language teaching has changed since it emerged as a communication tool. Because it is an essential tool in this modern world. In this globalized world that we live in, the world of work demands that workers have special training. It is necessary to speak another language because monolingualism takes people to be stranded culturally and professionally. Rethinking a second language teaching to develop the communication skills of our students should be one of the priority role of education for youth and adults. Learning a second language helps students to develop the communication skills needed for the world of work. This is the main focus of Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) worldwide. It is concerned with knowledge acquisition and skills for the world of work and it sees the need of rethinking educational training of youth and adult education. The evidence is very clear that economic growth is closely related to the cognitive skills of the work force. Thus, the role of instrumental English should be the difference for the student to have an upper skill more in the world of work. Research took place in Campus São Mateus at Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It involved the Mechanical Integrated Technical Course, Electrical Integrated Technical Course, Mechanical Concurrent Technical Course, Electrical Concurrent Technical Course and in the extension projects: "Technology and Training Transfer in English: Information and Immersion in the Cultures and Working Practices - Exchange Technical Trainees in Singapore; "Online Technical Dictionary Integrating SamaBaja Project to English Language" and PRONATEC program - through the the program Mulheres Mil. Participants of the study program were represented by 141 students from the integrated technical courses in Mechanical and Electrical from 2013 to 2015; 108 students of Concurrent Technical courses in Mechanical and Electrical from 2014 to 2015; 84 students in Singapore project from 2013 to 2015 and 12 students from the course “Maids in Hosting Media”, through the Mulheres Mil Program - Pronatec in 2013. Considering that the Action Research is in its design the most appropriate for the goals we want, we have worked with the reality of the classroom to build the data because "the classroom floor was made for venturing in the research," so we have used procedures and instruments from the Action Research. Results in the analysis indicate a need for literature review, learning, language and knowledge established in schools in order to promote restructuring and adaptation practices that meet the requirements of this post-industrial society based on new information technologies and communication.
In this thesis, we deal with the process of youth and adult education and how this process must have a clear intention of producing learning, no matter what its contents (the most basic levels of literacy processes to the graduation qualifications), level and method. Through education, students must improve their technical and/or professional skills as well as, if necessary, redirect them. We also want to show with this thesis that youth and adults have their own experiences and needs and it is necessary an instrumental teaching when learning a second language, that here is related to English language, which enhances their world knowledge so they can meet their own needs and those of society in which they live. Research happened in an approach based on youth and adult education proposed by Paulo Freire (1963, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1983.1989) as well as classic and contemporary authors as Chomsky (1957), Paiva (2004), Krashen (1988) Lewis (1997), Leffa (2000), Nunan (1988) and Hutchinson e Waters (1992), Marope, Chakroun e Holmes (2015), among others. We aim to propose and prove the effectiveness of an Instrumental English teaching approach using the teaching and learning process proposed by Paulo Freire. We have started our journey using teaching materials developed for this purpose coupled to TIC. Language teaching has changed since it emerged as a communication tool. Because it is an essential tool in this modern world. In this globalized world that we live in, the world of work demands that workers have special training. It is necessary to speak another language because monolingualism takes people to be stranded culturally and professionally. Rethinking a second language teaching to develop the communication skills of our students should be one of the priority role of education for youth and adults. Learning a second language helps students to develop the communication skills needed for the world of work. This is the main focus of Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) worldwide. It is concerned with knowledge acquisition and skills for the world of work and it sees the need of rethinking educational training of youth and adult education. The evidence is very clear that economic growth is closely related to the cognitive skills of the work force. Thus, the role of instrumental English should be the difference for the student to have an upper skill more in the world of work. Research took place in Campus São Mateus at Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It involved the Mechanical Integrated Technical Course, Electrical Integrated Technical Course, Mechanical Concurrent Technical Course, Electrical Concurrent Technical Course and in the extension projects: "Technology and Training Transfer in English: Information and Immersion in the Cultures and Working Practices - Exchange Technical Trainees in Singapore; "Online Technical Dictionary Integrating SamaBaja Project to English Language" and PRONATEC program - through the the program Mulheres Mil. Participants of the study program were represented by 141 students from the integrated technical courses in Mechanical and Electrical from 2013 to 2015; 108 students of Concurrent Technical courses in Mechanical and Electrical from 2014 to 2015; 84 students in Singapore project from 2013 to 2015 and 12 students from the course “Maids in Hosting Media”, through the Mulheres Mil Program - Pronatec in 2013. Considering that the Action Research is in its design the most appropriate for the goals we want, we have worked with the reality of the classroom to build the data because "the classroom floor was made for venturing in the research," so we have used procedures and instruments from the Action Research. Results in the analysis indicate a need for literature review, learning, language and knowledge established in schools in order to promote restructuring and adaptation practices that meet the requirements of this post-industrial society based on new information technologies and communication.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação
Palavras-chave
Educação , Jovens , Educação de adultos , Aprendizagem cooperativa , Tecnologias da informação e comunicação , Língua inglesa