A Geologia da Serra do Marão: proposta de uma exposição didáctica.
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2007
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Os museus têm contribuído ao longo dos tempos para uma constante actualização pedagógica que lhes confere um papel cada vez mais importante na educação formal dos nossos alunos, e também, para o aumento da literacia científica da nossa sociedade. De uma sociedade que privilegiava as artes e a literatura como formas únicas de cultura passamos, progressivamente, a uma sociedade em que se torna urgente um acompanhamento mais profundo da Ciência que se produz. Respondendo às solicitações dos seus visitantes, ás suas curiosidades e sede de conhecimento científico, os museus têm integrado, cada vez mais, temas científicos pertinentes ao ponto de se constituírem em todo o mundo Centros de Ciência que se revelam dos locais de cultura mais frequentados, principalmente, pelas camadas mais jovens constituindo-se um forte apoio às escolas e desempenhando um papel preponderante na formação e reeducação de professores.
Tendo por base estas premissas delineou-se um conjunto de metas que passaram pela selecção de conteúdos programáticos do 7º ano de escolaridade que se pudessem aliar ao património geológico existente na Serra do Marão, com o intuito de proporcionar uma aprendizagem aprazível dos conteúdos mais interessantes mas também que suscitam as maiores dúvidas e as maiores dificuldades no avanço da reestruturação de novos conhecimentos.
Outras das metas passou pela chamada de atenção para um património importante que tem sido descurado por escolas e que se constitui como um recurso didáctico escala macroscópica a utilizar como um exemplo “vivo” que se insere na maior parte dos conteúdos geológicos leccionados no ensino básico e secundário. Utilizando-se um espaço museológico e ao mesmo tempo promovendo o hábito das visitas a estes locais de educação não formal e/ou informal considerou-se, igualmente, como objectivo fomentar a utilização de novos recursos que também pudessem ser construídos ou deslocados às próprias escolas promovendo um processo de ensino/aprendizagem que tornasse os conteúdos geológicos mais práticos diminuindo-lhes as suas características abstractas que nestas idades mais jovens surgem como um forte obstáculo à sua aprendizagem
Dados estes aspectos que se levantaram à medida que fomos contactando com alunos de diferentes características verificamos que todos têm algo em comum: mexer para crer. As idades mais juvenis implicam um ensino que não se confine a um ensino tradicional em que o professor utiliza poucos recursos e em que os alunos assumem um papel demasiadamente passivo. Actualmente, as teorias educativas preconizam uma reestruturação de conhecimentos com base em actividades diferenciadas que possam criar diferentes oportunidades e formas de construir o conhecimento. Desta forma sentiu-se necessidade de se delinear um conjunto de actividades ou módulos interactivos com base nos conteúdos curriculares do 7º ano de escolaridade e que pudessem integrar a geologia da Serra do Marão, aliando um património esquecido até por aqueles que se encontram mais próximos a um conjunto de actividades delineadas para proporcionarem uma aprendizagem dinâmica.
Para se concretizarem estas expectativas projectou-se um conjunto de módulos didácticos e uma maqueta da Serra do Marão que integrassem alguns dos conteúdos geológicos observáveis na serra e que fizessem parte dos currículos escolares. A característica principal destes recursos didácticos reside na sua interactividade com os visitantes procurando que as pessoas recriem com as suas próprias mãos alguns dos processos geológicos associados à orogenia Varisca que moldou uma boa parte da Península Ibérica e que estruturou o relevo da Serra do Marão.
A exposição está delineada de forma a integrar várias actividades que possibilitem diferentes oportunidades de aprendizagem, conceberam-se os módulos interactivos utilizando-se alguns materiais que melhor retratassem os processos geológicos actuais observados pelos alunos/visitantes. A sua explicação constará em painéis explicativos, não exaustivos, que fornecerão alguma autonomia ao visitante mas que de forma alguma substituirão o raciocínio que deverão desenvolver para adquirirem novos dados que lhes permitam reestruturar o seu conhecimento geológico. Abre-se também a possibilidade de se desenvolverem saídas de campo relacionadas com as actividades desenvolvidas nos módulos conjugando-se, desta forma, várias actividades diferenciadas mediante o tempo que os visitantes/alunos dispõem para a visita.
A localização destes espaços educativos em regiões mais interiores como por exemplo a de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro torna-se uma necessidade, dada a enorme carência de estruturas de apoio pedagógico. O facto de, no nosso país, os Centros de
A Geologia da Serra do Marão: proposta para uma exposição didáctica XV Ciência se localizarem, na sua esmagadora maioria, no litoral faz com que o tempo que se poderia ganhar na exploração do Centro ou do Museu seja perdido nas deslocações fastidiosas e dissuasoras de qualquer actividade cognitiva à chegada a estes espaços. Daí que se torne urgente a construção de exposições integradas na região que não só equipare as oportunidades de cultura nos alunos do interior relativamente aos que auferem de melhores possibilidades de aprendizagem, como também forneça aos alunos e professores a oportunidade de um processo ensino/aprendizagem que integre actividades que não são, normalmente, realizadas nas escolas. Para além de diferentes as actividades que são propostas e que pretendem motivar os alunos para um conhecimento mais profundo e divertido de alguns processos geodinâmicos importantes que ocorreram no passado e que conduziram à formação da Serra do Marão trazendo para a exposição um cunho mais regional é ao mesmo tempo feita uma chamada de atenção para a valorização do nosso património natural e para a importância da geologia desta região.
A exposição didáctica, uma vez executada, permitirá ás escolas da região usufruírem de um conjunto de actividades interactivas, painéis e propostas de saídas de campo que podem se deslocadas ás próprias escolas e utilizadas pelos professores e alunos até à exaustão diminuindo a distância entre um conhecimento geológico abstracto e concreto que pode ser manipulado por cada um ao sabor do seu próprio tempo. De ressalvar que apesar de se insistir na utilização deste espaço pelas escolas, criando uma relação estreita entre o Museu e os estabelecimentos de ensino, a comunidade, de uma forma geral, não fica de fora até porque das várias actividades levadas a cabo pelo Programa Ciência Viva apercebemo-nos das inúmeras vantagens que advêm destas diferentes iniciativas para uma sociedade de cultura heterogénea como na nossa, particularmente em termos de alfabetização científica.
A implementação efectiva deste conjunto de iniciativas permite que o professor se integre, num espaço diferente do escolar, no processo de ensino/aprendizagem enriquecendo a sua acção pedagógica com novos recursos que poderá levar até à sua escola aumentando as oportunidades de um contacto com novas formas de cultura científica.
Permite ainda melhorar as saídas de campo feitas pelo programa Ciência Viva (Geologia no Verão) permitindo a quem realiza estas saídas uma integração mais fácil A Geologia da Serra do Marão: proposta para uma exposição didáctica XVI na geologia e nos processos geodinâmicos característicos da Serra do Marão, melhorando a facilidade de aquisição de conhecimentos que alguns não dominam mas sentem uma enorme curiosidade em conhecer.
The museums have contributed throughout the times for a constant pedagogical update that confers them an even more important role in the formal education of our students, and also, for the increase of the scientific literacy of our society. From a society that privileged the arts and literature as only forms of culture we, gradually, pass on to a society where it becomes urgent a deeper acknowledgement of the Science it produces. Giving an answer to the demands of its visitors, its curiosities and scientific knowledge, the museums have been integrating, even more, pertinent subjects, creating all over the world Centers of Science that happen to be great cultural places attended by young people. They have also been a strong support for the school and have had a crucial role in the formation and reeducation of teachers. Having this in mind, a set of goals was created such as the selection of the school contents of the 7º form so that they could coexist with the existing geologic inheritance in the Mountain range of the Marão, with the goal of providing a pleasant learning of the contents most interesting that also arise the greatest doubts and the greatest difficulties in the forthcoming of the restruturation of new knowledge. Another goal consisted in calling people’s attention to an important patrimony that has been relinquished by schools and that has been proved to be an important resource to the macrocospic scale and considered a living example in the geological contents taught in the basic and secondary education. Using a museum and at the same time promoting the habit of visiting these non-formal educational places, we have considered to incentivate the use of new resources that can also be used and dislocated to schools promoting thus a teaching/learning process that makes the geological contents more pratical,decreasing, this way, the abstraction level that arises in these ages and becomes an obstacle to the students learning. As we contacted students with different features and ages, we realized that they have something in common: moving to believe. The youngest students are supposed not to have a traditional education where the teacher uses few resources and where the students assume a truly passive role. Nowadays, the educational theories praise a restruturation of knowledge on the basis of differentiated activities that allow different opportunities and ways of building knowledge. Therefore, there came the necessity of outlining a set of activities or interactive modules bearing in mind, the curricular contents of the 7º form, so that, they could integrate the geology of the Serra do Marão, uniting a forgotten patrimony to a set of outlined activities to provide a dynamic learning. To fulfil these expectations, a set of didactic modules and a scale model of the Serra do Marão was projected in order to include some of the geological contents observed in the mountain, being, thus, part of the school subjects. The main features of these didactic resources lie in its interactivity with the visitors allowing to rebuild with their own hands some of the involved geologic processes in the Variscan orogenesis that molded a good part of the Iberian Peninsula and that it structuralized the relief and the lithostratigraphy of the Serra do Marão. The exhibition is structured in a way that it allows to integrate different activities that create different opportunities of learning, so the interactive modules were designed using some materials that could portray better the geological processes observed by students/visitors. There will be elucidating panels that will allow a certain kind of autonomy to the visitor, but that in, no way, will replace the thought they should have to obtain new data, restructuring thus, their own geological knowledge. One also has the possibility of field work related with the activities developed in the modules, meaning this way the existence of several activities according to the time that the visitors/students have for the visit. The setting of these educative spaces becomes, a decisive factor in inland regions as for example Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro due to its lack of pedagogical structures. The fact that, in our country, the Cent ers of Science are located, in its smashing majority along the coast, makes it a loss of time with boring displacements when people reach these places. Therefore, it becomes urgent the setting of exhibitions integrated in the region, so that the students of the inland will also have better learning and cultural opportunities, giving them a chance of having activities at schools. Besides being different, the activities that are proposed, try to incentivate students for a better and deeper knowledge created by some important geodynamic processes that had occurred in the past and that had lead to the formation of the Serra do Marão bringing for the exhibition a valorization of our inheritance as well as the importance of the geology in this region. The didactic exhibition, will allow the schools of the region a set of interactive activities, panels and proposals of field visits that can be dislocated to schools and used by the teachers and students decreasing the distance between a geological abstract and precise knowledge that can be used any time. Is spite of insisting in using this place by schools, thus, building a strict relationship between the museum and schools, the community, in a general way, also has an important role; this happens, because there are several activities promoted by Ciência Viva and we realize the advantages of these initiatives upon such an heterogeneous culture as ours, at least in terms of scientific alphabetisation. The implementation of this set of initiatives allows the teacher to integrate himself in a different place from that of school, enriching his teaching action with new resources that he may take to the school where he works at, increasing, therefore, the opportunities of a contact with new forms of scientific culture. It also allows an improvement in the field work accomplished by the programme Ciência Viva (Geology in Summer), making possible for those who carry out these visits an easier integration in geology and in the geodynamic process that characterize Marão, improving also the knowledge and arising a great curiosity in learning.
The museums have contributed throughout the times for a constant pedagogical update that confers them an even more important role in the formal education of our students, and also, for the increase of the scientific literacy of our society. From a society that privileged the arts and literature as only forms of culture we, gradually, pass on to a society where it becomes urgent a deeper acknowledgement of the Science it produces. Giving an answer to the demands of its visitors, its curiosities and scientific knowledge, the museums have been integrating, even more, pertinent subjects, creating all over the world Centers of Science that happen to be great cultural places attended by young people. They have also been a strong support for the school and have had a crucial role in the formation and reeducation of teachers. Having this in mind, a set of goals was created such as the selection of the school contents of the 7º form so that they could coexist with the existing geologic inheritance in the Mountain range of the Marão, with the goal of providing a pleasant learning of the contents most interesting that also arise the greatest doubts and the greatest difficulties in the forthcoming of the restruturation of new knowledge. Another goal consisted in calling people’s attention to an important patrimony that has been relinquished by schools and that has been proved to be an important resource to the macrocospic scale and considered a living example in the geological contents taught in the basic and secondary education. Using a museum and at the same time promoting the habit of visiting these non-formal educational places, we have considered to incentivate the use of new resources that can also be used and dislocated to schools promoting thus a teaching/learning process that makes the geological contents more pratical,decreasing, this way, the abstraction level that arises in these ages and becomes an obstacle to the students learning. As we contacted students with different features and ages, we realized that they have something in common: moving to believe. The youngest students are supposed not to have a traditional education where the teacher uses few resources and where the students assume a truly passive role. Nowadays, the educational theories praise a restruturation of knowledge on the basis of differentiated activities that allow different opportunities and ways of building knowledge. Therefore, there came the necessity of outlining a set of activities or interactive modules bearing in mind, the curricular contents of the 7º form, so that, they could integrate the geology of the Serra do Marão, uniting a forgotten patrimony to a set of outlined activities to provide a dynamic learning. To fulfil these expectations, a set of didactic modules and a scale model of the Serra do Marão was projected in order to include some of the geological contents observed in the mountain, being, thus, part of the school subjects. The main features of these didactic resources lie in its interactivity with the visitors allowing to rebuild with their own hands some of the involved geologic processes in the Variscan orogenesis that molded a good part of the Iberian Peninsula and that it structuralized the relief and the lithostratigraphy of the Serra do Marão. The exhibition is structured in a way that it allows to integrate different activities that create different opportunities of learning, so the interactive modules were designed using some materials that could portray better the geological processes observed by students/visitors. There will be elucidating panels that will allow a certain kind of autonomy to the visitor, but that in, no way, will replace the thought they should have to obtain new data, restructuring thus, their own geological knowledge. One also has the possibility of field work related with the activities developed in the modules, meaning this way the existence of several activities according to the time that the visitors/students have for the visit. The setting of these educative spaces becomes, a decisive factor in inland regions as for example Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro due to its lack of pedagogical structures. The fact that, in our country, the Cent ers of Science are located, in its smashing majority along the coast, makes it a loss of time with boring displacements when people reach these places. Therefore, it becomes urgent the setting of exhibitions integrated in the region, so that the students of the inland will also have better learning and cultural opportunities, giving them a chance of having activities at schools. Besides being different, the activities that are proposed, try to incentivate students for a better and deeper knowledge created by some important geodynamic processes that had occurred in the past and that had lead to the formation of the Serra do Marão bringing for the exhibition a valorization of our inheritance as well as the importance of the geology in this region. The didactic exhibition, will allow the schools of the region a set of interactive activities, panels and proposals of field visits that can be dislocated to schools and used by the teachers and students decreasing the distance between a geological abstract and precise knowledge that can be used any time. Is spite of insisting in using this place by schools, thus, building a strict relationship between the museum and schools, the community, in a general way, also has an important role; this happens, because there are several activities promoted by Ciência Viva and we realize the advantages of these initiatives upon such an heterogeneous culture as ours, at least in terms of scientific alphabetisation. The implementation of this set of initiatives allows the teacher to integrate himself in a different place from that of school, enriching his teaching action with new resources that he may take to the school where he works at, increasing, therefore, the opportunities of a contact with new forms of scientific culture. It also allows an improvement in the field work accomplished by the programme Ciência Viva (Geology in Summer), making possible for those who carry out these visits an easier integration in geology and in the geodynamic process that characterize Marão, improving also the knowledge and arising a great curiosity in learning.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia e Geologia para o ensino, apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Ensino das ciências da terra , Programa Ciência Viva , Geologia , Serra do Marão, Portugal